David Hockney , (born July 9, 1937) is a British painter, draftsman, graphic maker, stage designer and photographer. An important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he was considered one of the most influential British artists of the 20th century.
Hockney has owned homes and studios in Bridlington, London, and two residence in California, where he lived and lived since 1964: one in Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu, and offices and archives at Santa Monica Boulevard in West Hollywood, California.
Video David Hockney
Personal life
Hockney was born in Bradford, England, to Laura and Kenneth Hockney (an opponent of conscience in the Second World War), the fourth of five children. He was educated at Wellington Elementary School, Bradford Grammar School, Bradford College of Art (where his teachers included Frank Lisle and his friends including Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby and John Loker) and Royal College of Art in London, where he met RB Kitaj. While there, Hockney says he feels at home and is proud of his job. At the Royal College of Art, Hockney was featured in the Young Contemporaries exhibition - along with Peter Blake - who announced the arrival of British Pop art. He was associated with movement, but his earlier work featured an expressionist element, similar to some of Francis Bacon's works. When RCA said it would not let him graduate if he did not complete the assignment of a woman's life picture in 1962, Hockney painted the Life Painting for Diploma in protest. He refused to write the essay required for the final exam, saying he should be judged only on his artwork. Recognizing his talent and reputation, RCA changed its rules and granted certificates. After leaving RCA, he taught at Maidstone College of Art for a short time.
The artist moved to Los Angeles in 1964, where he was inspired to create a series of pool paintings on a relatively new acrylic medium using vibrant colors. Artists stayed back and forth between Los Angeles, London, and Paris in the late 1960s to the 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade of personal relationships with Gregory Evans who moved with him to the United States in 1976 and in 2018 remains a business partner. In 1978 he rented a house in Hollywood Hills, and then bought and expanded it to include his studio. He also owns a 1,643 square foot beach house on 21039 Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, which he sold in 1999 for about $ 1.5 million.
Hockney is openly gay, and has openly explored the nature of gay love in his portrait. Sometimes, as in We Two Boys Together Clinging (1961), named after poetry by Walt Whitman, these works refer to his love for men. In 1963, he painted two men together in a Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one bath while the other washed his back. In the summer of 1966, while teaching at UCLA he met Peter Schlesinger, an art student posing for paintings and drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.
On the morning of March 18, 2013, 23-year-old Hockney's assistant, Dominic Elliott, died of drunkenness at Hockney's Bridlington Studio; he also previously drank alcohol and drank cocaine, ecstasy, and temazepam. Elliott is the first and second team player for Bridlington rugby club. It was reported that Hockney's partner escorted Elliott to Scarborough General Hospital where he later died. The examination returned the verdict of death because of bad luck and Hockney was never involved. In November 2015, Hockney sold his home in Bridlington, a former five-bedroom guesthouse, for £ 625,000, cutting out all the rest of his relationship with the city.
He holds a California Medical Cannabis Verification Card, which allows him to buy cannabis for medical purposes. He has been using hearing aids since 1979, but realizes that he will be deaf much before that. He often swims for half an hour every day and can stand for six hours on the horses.
Maps David Hockney
Work
Hockney has experimented with painting, drawing, graphic art, watercolor, photography, and many other media including fax machines, pulp, and computers and iPad drawing programs. Interesting subjects range from still-lifes to sights, portraits of friends, dogs, and stage designs to the Royal Court Theater, Glyndebourne, and Metropolitan Opera in New York City.
Portrait
Hockney always returns to portraits throughout his career. From 1968, and over the next few years he painted portraits and portraits of his friends, lovers, and relatives under the force of life in a realistic style that skillfully captured the resemblance of his people. Hockney was repeatedly interested in the same subject - his family, employees, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, writers he knew, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Clark (Mr and Mrs Clark and Percy, 1970- 71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Nicholas Wilder, George Lawson and his ballet dancer, Wayne Sleep, as well as his romantic interests over the years including Peter Schlesinger and Gregory Evans. Perhaps more than all this, Hockney has changed to his own figure year after year, creating more than 300 self portraits.
From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used lucida cameras for his research into art history as well as his own in the studio. He created more than 200 pictures of friends, family, and himself using this antique lens-based device.
In 2016, the Royal Academy exhibited the Hockney series titled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life that traveled to Ca 'Pesaro in Venice, Italy and the Guggenheim Museum of Bilbao, in 2017 and to the Los Angeles County Museum Art in 2018. Hockney calls painting starting in 2013 "twenty hours of exposure" because every sit takes six to seven hours on three consecutive days.
Printmaking
In 1965, the Gemini G.E.L print workshop approached him to create a series of lithographs with the theme of Los Angeles. Hockney responded by creating the The Hollywood Collection , a series of lithographs that created a collection of Hollywood star art, each piece depicting the artwork imagined in a frame. Hockney went on to produce many other portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Weather Series, and Some New Prints .
In 1976, at Atelier Crommelynck, Hockney made a portfolio of 20 etchings, The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Inspired By Wallace Stevens Inspired By Pablo Picasso . This painting refers to a theme in a poem by Wallace Stevens, "The Man with the Blue Guitar". It was published by the Petersburg Press in October 1977. That year, Petersburg also published a book, in which the images were accompanied by poetic texts.
Some of Hockney's other print portfolios include A Rake's Progress (1961-1963), Illustrations for the Fourteen Poems of C.P. Cavafy (1966), Illustrations for the Six Tales of the Grimm Brothers (1969), Home Made Prints (1986), Recent Etchings i> (1998) and Moving Focus (1984-1986), which contains lithographs related to A Walk of the Courtyard Hotel, Acatlan.
Photocollages
In the early 1980s, Hockney began producing photo collages - which at the beginning of his explorations in his personal photo album he called "joiners" - first used Polaroid prints and then 35mm color prints, commercially processed prints. Using a Polaroid stamp or a photolum print from one subject, Hockney adjusts patchwork to create a composite image. Because the images are taken from a different perspective and at slightly different times, the result is a work that has affinity with Cubism, one of Hockney's main aims - discussing the workings of human vision. Some of the sections are scenery, such as Pearblossom Highway # 2 , other portraits, such as Kasmin 1982, and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.
Creation of "joiner" happens accidentally. He noticed in the late sixties that photographers used cameras with wide-angle lenses. He does not like these pictures because they look a bit distorted. While working on a living room and porch painting in Los Angeles, he took a Polaroid photo in the living room and put it together, not intending to make his own compositions. When looking at his final composition, he realizes that it creates the narrative, as if the viewer is moving past the room. He started working more with photography after this discovery and stopped painting for a while to exclusively pursue this new technique. Frustrated with photographic limitations and a 'one-eyed' approach, however, he is again painting.
Other Technology
In December 1985, Hockney used Quantel Paintbox, a computer program that allowed artists to sketch directly onto the screen. The resulting work is featured in the BBC series that profiled a number of artists.
Since 2009, Hockney has painted hundreds of portraits, still lives and landscapes using iPhone and iPad Brushes apps, often sending them to his friends. In 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Yosemite National Park to draw landscapes on his iPad.
From 2010 to 2014, Hockney created multi-camera movies using three to eighteen cameras to record one scene. He filmed Yorkshire sights in various seasons, magicians and dancers, and his own exhibits in de Young Museum and Royal Academy of Arts.
Photocopy of Hockney previously influenced his shift to other digital photography mediums. He combines hundreds of photos to create a multi-viewpoint "photographic drawing" from his group of friends in 2014. Hockney took back the process in 2017, this time using more sophisticated Agisoft PhotoScan photogammetric software that enabled him to sew together and rearrange thousands photo. The resulting images are printed as large photomurals and showcased at Pace Gallery and LACMA in 2018.
Plein Air Landscapes
Hockney returned more often to Yorkshire in the 1990s, usually every three months, to visit his mother who died in 1999. She rarely stayed for more than two weeks until 1997, when her friend Jonathan Silver was severely ill encouraged her to capture a local neighborhood. He did this initially with paintings based on his memories, some from his childhood. Hockney returned to Yorkshire for a longer and longer stay, and in 2003 painted rustic and aerial scenery in oil and watercolors. He set up residence and studio in a converted bed and breakfast, in the seaside town of Bridlington, about 75 miles from where he was born. The oil paintings he produced after 2005 were influenced by his intensive study in watercolor, a series titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003-2004). He created a painting made of several smaller canvas - two to fifty - placed together. To help him visualize the work on that scale, he uses digital photo reproductions to learn about the day's work.
In June 2007, Hockney's greatest painting, Bigger Trees Near Warter or Le Peouure sur le Motive poured le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, measuring 15 feet by 40 feet, was hung in the largest gallery of the Royal Academy. at her annual Summer Expo. This work "is a large-scale display of a tree in the original Hockney's Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York.It is painted on 50 individual canvas, mostly worked there, for five weeks last winter." In 2008, he donated it to Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I was going to give Tate something I wanted to give them something very good, it would be here for a while, I do not want to give things I'm not too proud... I think it's a good painting because it's from the UK... it seems like a good thing to do. "The painting was the subject of the BBC1 Imagine documentary by Bruno Wollheim called" David Hockney: A Bigger Picture " (2009) who followed Hockney while he worked outdoors for the previous two years.
Theater Works
Hockney's first stage design was for Ubu Roi at the Royal Court Theater London in 1966, Stravinsky
In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal on the occasion of his resurrection and production recovery for Turandot.
The majority of Hockney's theater works and stage design studies are found in the collection of The David Hockney Foundation.
Exhibition
David Hockney has been featured in over 400 solo exhibitions and over 500 exhibition groups. He had his first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 years old in 1963, and in 1970 the Whitechapel Gallery in London had organized the first of several major retrospective, which then traveled to three European institutions. LACMA also hosted a retrospective exhibition in 1988 that traveled to The Met, New York, and Tate, London. In 2004, he was included in Whitney's two-generation cross generation, where his portrait appeared in a gallery with the painting of a younger artist he inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.
In October 2006, the National Portrait Gallery in London organized one of Hockney's greatest display works, including 150 paintings, drawings, prints, sketches and photographs from more than five decades. His collection ranges from his earliest portraits to work he completed in 2005. Hockney helped showcase works and exhibitions, which lasted until January 2007, is one of the most successful galleries. In 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted about 100,000 visitors at Kunsthalle Wörth in SchwÃÆ'¤bisch Hall, Germany.
From January 21, 2012 to April 9, 2012, Royal Academy presented the A Bigger Picture, which includes more than 150 works, many of which took up the entire wall in brightly lit gallery spaces. The exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees and tree tunnels in his native country, Yorkshire. Jobs include oil paintings, watercolors, and images made on the iPad and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a 2012 interview, "It's about big things.You can make bigger paintings.We also make bigger photos, bigger videos, all have to do with drawing." The exhibition attracted over 600,000 visitors in less than 3 months. The exhibition moved to the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain from 15 May to 30 September, and from there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 October 2012 and 3 February 2013.
From 26 October 2013 to 30 January 2014 David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the Museum de Young, one of the San Francisco Fine Arts Museum. The largest single exhibition Hockney has ever owned, with 397 works of art in over 18,000 square feet, curated by Gregory Evans and included the only public show of the Great Wall, developed during research for Knowledge Secret, and work from 1999 to 2013 in various media from camera lucida images to watercolors, oil paintings, and digital works.
From 9 February to 29 May 2017 David Hockney was presented at Tate Britain. The exhibition marks the 80th anniversary of Hockney and garnered "the vast selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, drawing, printing, photography, and video for six decades." The event then travels to Center Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. This very popular retrospective landed among the top ten ticket shows in London and Paris for 2017 with more than 4,000 visitors a day at Tate and over 5,000 visitors a day in Paris.
After the blockbuster exhibition in 2017 from works of the previous decade, Hockney moved to the right to show his latest paintings on the hexangonal canvas and 3D photo shoots at the Pace Gallery in 2018. He revisited the Garrowby Hill, Grand Canyon, and Nichols Canyon Road paintings, this time painting it on the hexagonal canvas to improve the aspect of reverse perspective.
Collection
Much of Hockney's work was kept in Salt Mill, in Saltaire, near his hometown of Bradford. A large group of other works is held by The David Hockney Foundation. His work is in many public and private collections around the world, including:
Recognition
In 1967, Hockney's painting, Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool, won the John Moores Painting Prize at Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool. Hockney was offered the knighthood in 1990 but refused, before receiving the Order of Merit in January 2012. He was awarded the Royal Photographic Society's Progress in 1988 and the Special 150th Anniversary Medal and Honorary Fellowship in recognition of his continued and significant contribution to the art of photography in the year 2003. He was appointed as a Companion of Honor in 1997 and was awarded The Cultural Award from the German Society for Photography (DGPh). He is a Royal Academician. In 2012, Queen Elizabeth II raised her to the Order of Merit, an honor that is limited to 24 members at a time for their contribution to art and science.
He was a Distinguished Honourse of the National Art Association, Los Angeles, in 1991 and received the First Annual Achievement Award from the Archives of American Art, Los Angeles, in 1993. He was appointed to the Supervisory Board of the American Associates of the Royal Academy Trust, New York on in 1992 and awarded a Foreign Honorary Membership to the Academy of Arts and Sciences of America, Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de 'Medici Lifetime Career Award from Florence Biennale, Italy.
Assigned by The Other Art Fair, a November 2011 poll of 1,000 British painters and sculptors declared him to be Britain's most influential artist of all time. In 2012, Hockney is one of British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Peter Blake to appear in a new version of his most famous work - The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band album cover - to celebrate the British cultural figure in her most admirable life.
Art market
In 1963, Hockney was first represented by art dealer John Kasmin. He, in 2018, is represented by Annely Juda Fine Art, London; Gallery Pace, New York; LA. Louver, Venice, CA; and Galerie Lelong, Paris. On June 21, 2006, Hockney's paintings, The Splash sold for Ã, Â £ 2.6 million.
His A Bigger Grand Canyon, a series of 60 canvas combined to produce one big picture, was purchased by the National Gallery of Australia for $ 4.6 million.
Beverly Hills Housewife (1966-67), a 12 foot acrylic depicting Betty Freeman collector standing near her pool in a long hot-pink dress, sold for $ 7.9 million at Christie's in New York in 2008 , the top selling and the record price for Hockney. It closes in 2016 when the Woldgate Woods landscape generates Ã, Â £ 9.4 million at an auction.
The record was solved again in 2018 with the sale of Piscine de Medianoche ( Paper Pool 30) for $ 11.74 million and then doubled in the same Sotheby auction when Pacific Coast Highway and Santa Monica sell for $ 28.5 million.
Hockney-Falco Thesis
In the 2001 television program and book, Secret Knowledge, Hockney points out that the Old Masters used camera obscura and lucida cameras and lens techniques that project subject images into surface painting. Hockney argues that this technique migrates gradually from Northern Europe to Italy, and is the reason for the painting style of photography we see in Renaissance and later art. He published his conclusions in the 2001 book "Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering Missing Techniques from Old Gentlemen," revised in 2006.
Public life
Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious opponent, and worked as a medical officer at the hospital during the National Service, 1957-59.
Hockney was the founder of the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles in 1979. He served on the advisory boards of the political magazine Viewpoint , and contributed original sketches for his launch edition, in June 2008.
He is a pro-tobacco activist who is persistent and invited to edit Today's guest program on December 29, 2009 to broadcast his views on the matter.
In October 2010, he and hundreds of other artists signed an open letter to the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sports, Jeremy Hunt, protesting the cuts in art.
In popular culture
In 1966, while working on a series of paintings based on love poetry by the Greek poet Constantine P. Cavafy, Hockney starred in a documentary by filmmaker James Scott, entitled Presentation of Love . She is the subject of the 1974 biopic of Jack Hazan, A Bigger Splash , named after the 1967 Hockney painting of the same name. Hockney also inspired artist Billy Pappas in the documentary Waiting for Hockney (2008), which debuted at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2008.
Hockney was inducted into Vanity Fair International Hall Best-Dressed of Fame in 1986. In 2005 Burberry's creative director Christopher Bailey centered the entire collection of spring/summer men's fashion around the artist and in 2012 fashion designer Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, jacket checked after Hockney. In 2011 the British GQ named it one of the 50 Most Stylish Men in the UK and in March 2013 it was listed as one of the Fifty Best Dressed Over-50s by The Guardian .
Hockney was assigned to design the covers and pages for the December 1985 edition of Vogue edition. Consistent with his interest in cubism and admiration for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (which appeared in several of his works) from a different view to its cover, as if the eye had scanned his face diagonally.
David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) is a biography of Hockney covering 1937-75, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.
On August 14, 2012 Hockney was the subject of BBC Radio Four's The New Elizabethans , presented by James Naughtie.
Film Luca Guadagnino 2015 A Bigger Splash dinamai dari lukisan Hockney.
David Hockney Foundation
David Hockney Foundation - both registered in the UK, charities 1127262 and USA 501 (c) (3) private operations foundations - created by artists in 2008. In 2012, Hockney, worth about $ 55.2 million (about $ 1 million).  £ 36.1m) transferring paintings worth $ 124.2 million (about Ã,  £ 81.5m) to the David Hockney Foundation, and provided an additional $ 1.2 million (approximately  £ 0.79m) in cash to help fund the operations foundation.
The Foundation's mission is to enhance the appreciation and understanding of art and culture through exhibitions, preservation, and publications by David Hockney. Richard Benefield, who organized David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in 2013-2014 at de Young Museum in San Francisco, became the first executive director in January 2017.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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