Genoa ( "English respelling pronunciation"> JEN -oh -? ; Italian: Genova ['d ??: nova] ( listen ) , localÃ, ['d: Eova] ; Ligurian: ZÃÆ'ªna ['ze: na] ; English, Historically, and Latin: Genua ) is the capital of Italy's Ligurian region and Italy's sixth largest city. By 2015, 594,733 people live within the administrative boundaries of the city. At the 2011 Italian census, Genoa Province, which in 2015 became the Metropolitan City of Genoa, counted 855,834 people. More than 1.5 million people live in a larger metropolitan area that runs along the Italian Riviera.
Located in Genoa Bay in the Ligurian Sea, Genoa has historically been one of the most important ports of the Mediterranean: it is currently the busiest in Italy and the Mediterranean Sea and the 12th busiest in the European Union. Genoa is nicknamed la Superba ("the proud") because of its magnificent and impressive sound. Part of the old city of Genoa was inscribed in the World Heritage List (UNESCO) in 2006 as Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the Palazzi dei Rolli system. The rich cultural history of the city in art, music, and cuisine enabled him to become the Capital of European Culture 2004. It is the birthplace of Christopher Columbus, NiccolÃÆ'² Paganini, Giuseppe Mazzini, Renzo Piano and Grimaldo Canella, founder of the House of Grimaldi, among others.
Genoa, which forms the southern corner of the Milan-Turin-Genoa industrial triangle in northwestern Italy, is one of the country's major economic centers. The city has hosted large shipyards and steel mills since the 19th century, and its solid financial sector dates back to the Middle Ages. The Bank of Saint George, founded in 1407, is one of the oldest in the world and has played an important role in the prosperity of the city since the mid-15th century. Today a number of Italy's leading city-based companies, including Fincantieri, Selex ES, Ansaldo Energia, Ansaldo STS, Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, Piaggio Aerospace, and Costa Cruises.
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History
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The flag of Genoa is St. George's Cross, a red cross on a white square; thus, it is identical with the British flag. The patron saint of Genoa is Saint Lawrence to at least 958, but the Genoese turned their allegiance to Saint George at some point during the 11th or 12th century, most likely with the increasing popularity of the "holy warriors" during the Crusades. Genoa also has banners that feature crosses since at least 1218, possibly as early as 1113. But cross banners are not associated with saints; indeed, the holy man has his own flag, which is vexillum beati Georgii (first mentioned 1198), a red flag showing George and the dragon. This flag portrayal is shown in the Genoese record under 1227. The Genoa flag with the red cross is used in conjunction with this "Saint George flag", from at least 1218, known as the cruxata comuxis comue, Janue ("flag bar commune of Genoa "). The saint flag is the flag of the city's main battle, but the cross's flag was used throughout the 1240s. The Saint George flag (ie the flag depicting the saint) remains the flagship of Genoa at least until the 1280s. The flag now known as "St. George's Cross" appears to have replaced it as the flag of Genoa at some point during the 14th century. The Book of Knowledge of All Kingdoms (c.1385) shows it, inscribed with the word iustiÃÆ'§ia , and is described as:
And the ruler of this place has a pennant as a white banner with a red cross. At the top it says 'justice', in this way.
Geography
The city of Genoa covers an area of ​​243 square kilometers (94 m²) between the Ligurian Sea and the Apennine Mountains. The city stretches along the coast for about 30 kilometers (19 mi) from the Voltri to Nervi, and for 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) from the coast to the north along the Polcevera and Bisagno valleys. The area of ​​Genoa is popularly divided into 5 major zones: center, west, east, Polcevera, and Bisagno Valley.
Genoa is adjacent to two popular Ligurian holiday spots: Camogli and Portofino. In the metropolitan area of ​​Genoa is the Aveto Natural Regional Park.
Climate
Genoa has subtropical subtropics ( Cfa ) and Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) in the KÃÆ'¶ppen climate classification, since only one summer month has less than 40 millimeters (1.57 inches )) precipitation, preventing it from being classified as a mere ocean or a Mediterranean; with a special note for Genoa low.
The average annual temperature is about 19 ° C (66 ° F) during the day and 13 ° C (55 ° F) at night. In the coldest months: December, January and February, the average temperature is 12 Â ° C (54 Â ° F) during the day and 6 Â ° C (43 Â ° F) at night. In the hottest months - July and August - the average temperature is 27.5 Â ° C (82 Â ° F) during the day and 21 Â ° C (70 Â ° F) at night. The daily temperature range is limited, with an average range of about 6 Ã, Â ° C (11Ã, Â ° F) between high and low temperatures. Genoa also saw significant moderation from the sea, in stark contrast to the area behind the Ligurian mountains such as Parma, where summers are hotter and winters are cool enough.
Each year, an average of 2.9 nights recorded temperatures <= 0 Â ° C (32 Â ° F) (especially in January). The coldest temperature ever recorded was -8 Â ° C (18 Â ° F) on the night of February 2012; the highest temperature ever recorded during the day is 38.5 ° C (101 ° F) in August 2015. The average annual number of days with temperatures> = 30 ° C (86 ° F) is about 8, flat four days in July and August.
The average annual temperature of the ocean is 17.5 Â ° C (64 Â ° F), from 13 Â ° C (55 Â ° F) in the January-March period to 25 Â ° C (77 Â ° F) in August. In the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 19 ° C (66 ° F).
Genoa is also a windy city, especially during the winter when the north wind often carries cool air from Po Valley (usually accompanied by lower temperatures, high pressure and clear skies). Other typical winds blowing from the southeast, mostly as a result of Atlantic and storm disturbances, bringing moist and warmer air from the ocean. Snowfall is sporadic, but occurs almost every year, although large numbers in the city center are rare.
The average annual relative humidity is 68%, ranging from 63% in February to 73% in May.
The number of solar hours over 2,200 per year, from an average of 4 hours of sunlight per day in winter to an average of 9 hours in the summer. This value is average between northern parts of Europe and North Africa.
Government
Government municipality
The Genoa City Council is currently headed by a right-wing majority, elected in June 2017. The mayor is Marco Bucci, the expression of a right-wing alliance composed by Forza Italia, Lega Nord, Fratelli d'Italia and other small lists.
Administrative subdivision
The city of Genoa is divided into nine municipi (administrative districts), as approved by the City Council in 2007.
Cityscape
Main view
Istana Rolli, termasuk dalam Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO Genoa: Le Strade Nuove dan sistem Palazzi dei Rolli . Jalan-jalan Baru yang terkenal of dunia adalah melalui Garibaldi (Strada Nuova), melalui Cairoli (Strada Nuovissima) dan melalui Balbi (Strada Balbi). Palazzo Rosso, Palazzo Bianco, Palazzo PodestÃÆ'Â dari Nicolosio Lomellino, Palazzo Reale, Istana Angelo Giovanni Spinola, Palazzo Pietro Spinola dari San Luca and Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria.
The historic center of Genoa is articulated in a labyrinth of squares and narrow caruggi (Genos typical alleys). It joined the medieval dimension by following the intervention of the 16th century and Baroque (the ancient Via Aurea, now Via Garibaldi).
Near Via Garibaldi, via the Castelletto Levante public lift, one can reach one of the most beautiful places in town, Belvedere Castelletto. The center of Genoa is connected to its top by an ancient street that is trapped between tall palaces, called creuze . Walking along this path one can reach magnificent places like the Santuario di Nostra Signora in Loreto. Very beautiful is the upper ring road called Circonvallazione a Monte which includes Corso Firenze, Corso Paganini, Corso Magenta, Via Solferino, and Corso Armellini.
The Cathedral of San Lorenzo has a beautiful portal and dome designed by Galeazzo Alessi. Inside was found the treasure of the Cathedral where among other objects there was also what was said to be the Holy Cup.
The symbols of the city are Lanterna (lighthouse) (117 meters (384 ft) high), the old lighthouse and standing visible in the distance from the sea (over 30 kilometers (19 miles)), and the monumental fountain Piazza De Ferrari, recently restored, is the core of city life. Nearby Piazza De Ferrari and Teatro Carlo Felice are the Mazzini Gallery, a typical nineteenth-century structure with many elegant shops and coffee bars.
Another tourist destination is the ancient coastal district of Boccadasse (meaning "donkey mouth"), with its multicolored boats, designated as seals for the Italian Corso, a promenade that runs along the Lido d'Albaro, and is famous for ice cream. After Boccadasse you can continue along the sea to Sturla.
Just out of the city center, but still part of 33 km (21 m) from the beach belonging to the municipal territory, is Nervi, the natural entrance to Ligurian East Riviera, and Pegli, the access point to the Western Riviera. Nervi offers many attractions: a promenade overlooking the sea called Passeggiata Anita Garibaldi; covered garden with lush tropical vegetation; many villas and public palaces are now museums (such as GAM-Galleria d'Arte Moderna, Raccolte Frugone Museum, Museo Giannettino Luxoro and Wolfsoniana). (see also Parchi di Nervi) The East of Genoa Riviera called the Riviera in Levante is part of the Italian Riviera. The Eastern Riviera is full of interesting cities to visit, and then from Genoa to the east are: Bogliasco, Pieve Ligure, Sori, Recco, Camogli, Portofino, Santa Margherita Ligure, Rapallo, Zoagli, Chiavari, Lavagna and Sestri Levante. In the west, Pegli is the site of the famous Villa Durazzo-Pallavicini and Arenzano is a seaside town at the foot of the Parque naturale del Beigua area.
The new Genoans are based on rebirth in the restoration of the green areas of the inland direct part, among them the Parco naturale regionale del Beigua, and on the construction of facilities such as the Aquarium of Genoa in Old Harbor - the largest in Italy and one of the majors in Europe - and Marina (small port tourists who accommodate hundreds of pleasure boats). All of this is within the restored Expo Area, organized into the 1992 Columbian Celebration event.
Near the town are the monasteries Camogli and San Fruttuoso which can be accessed by daily ferry from the Old Port (Porto Antico) from Genoa. At the bottom of the sea in front of the San Fruttuoso monastery there is the Christ of the Abyss. From the Old Port that can be reached by boat to other famous beach places around Genoa such as Portofino or a little further away, Lerici and Cinque Terre.
The pride that gives back to the city of consciousness to be able to see the future without forgetting his past. The resumption of some of the growing handicraft activities, far absent from caruggi of the old city, is a direct proof of it. The restoration of many Genoese churches and palaces in the 1980s and 1990s contributed to the rebirth of the city. A noteworthy example is the Renaissance, the Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta, which sits on the hilltop of Carignano and is visible from almost every part of the city. The total restoration of the Doge Palace - once the place of dogi and senator and the location of the cultural event location - and the Old Port and the rebuilding of Teatro Carlo Felice, was destroyed by the Second World War bombing that only liberated pronao neoclassical architect Carlo Barabino, two more strength points to realize the new Genoa.
Genoa can not resign, especially since the 1960s, until a major renewal, which, as has happened in some other major cities, must go through the realization of large council house complexes, whose quality, usefulness and function has been and is still controversial for live there. Of this, the best known case is the so-called "Biscione", a development in the form of a long snake, located in the hills of Marassi's most populous district, and one of a group of houses known as "Le Lavatrici" (washing machine), in the PrÃÆ' district.
In addition to the complete restrictions in the area, the ancient port zone near the opening of Mandraccio, in Porta Siberia, is enriched by architect Genoa Renzo Piano with a large ball made of metal and glass, installed in the waters of the port, not far from the Aquarium of Genoa, and inaugurated at in 2001 at the G8 summit held in Genoa. Sphere (referred to by citizens of the "Piano bubble" or "The Ball"), after hosting the exposition of the fens from Genoa Botanical Gardens, is currently home to a tropical reconstruction of the neighborhood, with several plants, small animals and butterflies. Piano also designed subway stations and, in hilly areas, construction - in collaboration with UNESCO - from Punta Nave, the base of the Renzo Piano Building Workshop.
Nearby Old Harbor is a so-called "Matitone", a pencil-shaped skyscraper, located adjacent to the WTC tower group, the core of the San Benigno development, today's base part of the municipal administration and from several companies.
Church
St. Anthony's Cathedral Lawrence (Cathedral San Lorenzo) is a city cathedral, built in Gothic-romantic style. Other important historical churches are the Saint John Commandery of the Order of St John Commandery called PRA, San Matteo, San Donato, Santa Maria di Castello, St. John Commandery. Augustine (deconcentrated since the 19th century, sometimes used for theater representation) Santo Stefano, Saints Vittore and Carlo, Santissima Annunziata del Vasto, San Pietro in Banchi, Santa Maria delle Vigne, Our Lady of Consolation, San Siro, Santa Maria Maddalena, Santa Maria Assunta di Carignano and the Church of Jesus. San Bartolomeo degli Armeni houses images from Edessa and San Pancrazio after World War II entrusted to the Ligurian delegation of the Sovereign Sovereignty of Malta. Churches and basilicas were built in Rome (San Donato, Santa Maria di Castello, Commandery of Saint John PRA), Gothic (Matthew, St. Stephen, St. Augustine), Baroque (San Siro) or Renaissance (Santa Maria Assunta Carignano , San Pietro in Banchi) appearance, or a mixture of different styles (Our Lady of Consolation, Annunciation of Vastato, this last having Baroque interior and façade neoclassicist).
The other famous church of Genoa is the temple of St. Francis of Paola, famous for its outer courtyard overlooking the harbor and the memorial to all who died at sea. This church is artistically mentions that the depiction of Via Crucis Stations tiles along the brick path to the church.
Near Genoa is found Shrine of Nostra Signora della Guardia, (the sanctuary is said to have inspired the writer Umberto Eco in making his novel The Name of the Rose). Another interesting church in the neighborhood of Genoa is the San Siro in Struppa.
The city is the birthplace of several popes (Innocent IV, Adrian V, Innocent VIII, and Benedict XV) and various saints (Syria from Genoa, Romulus Genoa, Catherine of Genoa, and Virginia Centurione Bracelli). Archbishop of Genoa Jacobus de Voragine, wrote the Golden Legend. Also from Genoa are: Giovanni Paolo Oliva, General Superior of the Society of Jesus; Girolamo Grimaldi-Cavalleroni, Archbishop of Aix; Ausonio Franchi, priest, philosopher, and theologian; Cardinal Giuseppe Siri; and pastors Francesco Repetto, Giuseppe Dossetti, Gianni Baget Bozzo, and Andrea Gallo. The current bishop of Genoa, Cardinal Angelo Bagnasco, is from the Genoese family but was born in Pontevico, near Brescia (see also Genoa archdiocese).
Buildings and palaces
Main features of Genoa center include Piazza De Ferrari, around the Opera and the Dog Palace.
Palazzo di San Giorgio is the headquarters of the Bank of Saint George and is the place where Marco Polo and Rustichello da Pisa compose The Travels of Marco Polo.
Outside the city wall is Christopher Columbus House, where Christopher Columbus is said to have lived as a child. The current building is an original 18th century reconstruction that was destroyed by the French naval bombing of 1684.
Strada Nuova (now Via Garibaldi), in the old city, was written in the World Heritage List in 2006. The district was designed in the mid-16th century to accommodate the Manneris palaces of the city's most prominent families. In Genoa there are 114 noble palaces (see also Rolli in Genova among the 42 cities listed on the World Heritage List.Among the most famous Palazzi dei Rolli are the Palazzo Rosso (now museum), Palazzo Bianco, Palazzo Tursi, Palazzo Gerolamo Grimaldi Palazzo PodestÃÆ', Palazzo Reale, Palazzo Angelo Giovanni Spinola, Palazzo Spinola di San Luca, Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria, Palazzo Cicala Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Rosso are also known as the Musei di Strada Nuova.Famous art colleges are also located in the artistic triumph of Genoese starting with the construction of Villa del Principe commissioned by Andrea Doria: the architect is Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli and Giovanni Ponzello, the interior is painted by Perino del Vaga and the garden fountain is realized by Taddeo Carlone.In 1548 Galeazzo Alessi, with Villa Giustiniani-Cambiaso project, designing prototypes new palace of Genoa that will be an inspiration to other architects working at Gen oa as Bartolomeo Bianco, Pietro Antonio Corradi, Rocco Lurago, Giovan Battista Castello, and Bernardino Cantone. Peter Paul Rubens wrote Palazzi in Genova in 1622, a book dedicated to the Genoese palace.
Dibangun by sekitar kota dan abad kedua puluh. Of antara yang paling dikenal adalah: Villa Brignole Sale, Duchess of Galliera, Villa Durazzo-Pallavicini, Villa Doria Centurion, Villa Durazzo Bombrini, Villa Serra, Villa Giustiniani-Cambiaso Villa Rossi Martini, Villa Imperiale Scassi, Villa Grimaldi, Villa Negrone Moro, Villa Rosazza, Villetta Di Negro, Villa delle Peschiere, Villa Imperiale, Villa Saluzzo Bombrini, dan Villa Grimaldi Fassio.
Considering the 19th century, remember architect Ignazio Gardella (senior), and Carlo Barabino, among others, realized along with Giovanni Battista Resasco, Staglieno Monumental Cemetery. The grave is famous for the statues and sepulchral monuments that retain the mortal remains of prominent figures, including Giuseppe Mazzini, Fabrizio De Andrà ©  ©, and Constance Lloyd (Oscar Wilde's wife). In the first half of the 19th century they completed the Albergo dei Poveri and Acquedotto storico. In 1901 Giovanni Antonio Porcheddu realized Silos Granari .
The city is rich in testimonies of Revival Gothic such as Albertis Castle, Castello Bruzzo, Villa Canali Gaslini and Mackenzie Castle designed by architect Gino CoppedÃÆ'¨. Genoa is also rich in works by Art Nouveau, among them: Palazzo della Borsa, Via XX Settembre, Palace Hotel Bristol, Grand Hotel Miramare, and Stazione marittima. The work of Rationalist architecture in the first half of the 20th century was Torre Piacentini and Piazza della Vittoria where Arco della Vittoria, both designed by architect Marcello Piacentini. Other architects who have changed the face of Genoa in the 20th century are: Ignazio Gardella, Luigi Carlo Daneri who realized Piazza Rossetti and a housing complex called Il Biscione, Mario LabÃÆ'², Aldo Rossi, Ludovico Quaroni, Franco Albini who designed the interior of the Palazzo Rosso, and Piero Gambacciani. The Edoardo Chiossone Museum of Oriental Art, designed by Mario LabÃÆ'², has one of Europe's greatest art collections.
Other famous architectural works are: Ponte Morandi by Riccardo Morandi, new design of Old Harbor with Aquarium, Bigo and Biosfera by Renzo Piano, Palasport in Genova, skyscraper Matitone, and Padiglione B from Genoa Fair, by Jean Nouvel.
Old port
The old port ("porto antico" in Italian) is an ancient part of the port of Genoa. The harbor gives access to an outside community that creates a good geographical situation for the city. The city is spread geographically along the coastal part of Liguria, which allows trading by boat. Before the development of cars, trains, and air travel, the main outside access to the city was the sea, because the mountains around it made the north trade with the land more difficult than the coastal trade. The trade route always connects Genoa on an international scale, with an ever-increasing reach from trade along the European coastline before the medieval period to today's relationships across the continent. In its heyday, the Genoese Navy was a prominent force in the Mediterranean.
Since the port of Genoa is very important for traders for their own economic success, the ports and other nearby ports are seen as a competition for landing points for foreign traders. In the 16th century, the Genoese worked to destroy the local cruise competition, the port of Savona. Taking matter into their own hands, the Genoese merchants and political rulers in Genoa attacked the port of Savona with stones. This action was taken to preserve the economic stability and wealth of the city during the rise of Savona's advantage. The Genovese will go as far as fighting with other coastal trading cities like Venice, to protect the trading industry.
Renzo Piano redeveloped the area for public access, restored historical buildings (such as the Cotton warehouse) and created new landmarks such as Aquarium, Bigo and more recently "Bolla" (Sphere). The main tourist attractions of this area are the famous Aquarium and Museum of the Sea (MuMA). In 2007, it attracted nearly 1.7 million visitors.
Geno Aquarium
The Genoa Aquarium (in Italian: Acquario di Genova ) is the largest aquarium in Italy and one of the largest in Europe. Built for Genoa Expo '92, it is an educational, scientific and cultural center. Its mission is to educate and raise public awareness about the conservation, management and use of responsible aquatic environments. It welcomes more than 1.2 million visitors per year.
The entire environmental control, including temperature, filtration and tank lighting provided by the Automation Local Automation Supplier Orsi Automazione, was obtained in 2001 by Siemens. Aquarium of Genoa coordinates the AquaRing EU project. It also provides rich scientific and content expertise for AquaRing, including documents, images, academic content and interactive online courses, through its Online Resource Center.
Wall and castle
The city of Genoa during its long history since at least the 9th century has been protected by a line of different defense walls. Most of this wall still exists today, and Genoa has longer walls than any other city in Italy. The main city wall is known as the "Nine Century Wall", "Barbarossa Wall" (12th century), "Wall of the Fourteenth Century", "16th Century Wall", and "New Wall" ("Mura Nuove" in Italian ). The more magnificent walls, built in the first half of the 17th century on the backs of hills around the city, have a length of nearly 20 km (12 mi). Some of the fortress stands along the "New Wall" or close it.
Garden
Genoa has 82,000 square meters (880,000 square feet) of public parks in the city center, such as Villetta Di Negro which is right in the heart of the city, overlooking the historic center. Many of the larger green spaces are located outside the center: east of the Nervi Park (96,000 square meters or 1,030,000 square feet) overlooking the sea, west of the beautiful gardens of Villa Durazzo Pallavicini and the Giardino botanico Clelia Durazzo Grimaldi. (265,000 square meters or 2,850,000 square feet). Many villas and town palaces also have their own gardens, such as Palazzo del Principe, Villa Doria, Palazzo Bianco and Palazzo Tursi, Palazzo Nicolosio Lomellino, Albertis Castle, Villa Rosazza, Villa Croce, Villa Imperiale Cattaneo, Villa Bombrini, Villa Brignole For Sale Duchessa di Galliera, Villa Serra and many more.
The city is surrounded by natural parks such as the Parco naturale regionale dell'Antola, the Parco naturale regionale del Beigua, the Aveto Natural Park and the Ligurian Cetacean Marine Reserve.
Promenades
The Italian Corso runs as far as 2.5 km (1.6 million) in the Albaro quartiere, connecting two Foce and Boccadasse environments. The Promenade, built in 1908, faces the sea, towards the Portofino cape. The main landmarks are the little lighthouse of Punta Vagno, the Monastery of San Giuliano, and the Lido of Albaro.
Passeggiata Anita Garibaldi, a promenade overlooking the sea and 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) long, Nervi.
Promenade dari jalan lingkar atas, yang disebut "Circonvallazione a Monte" yang meliputi: Corso Firenze, Corso Paganini, Corso Magenta, Via Solferino, Corso Armellini.
Walking can be made from the center of Genoa, following one of the many ancient roads between the tall palaces and "Creuze" to reach the higher areas of the city where there are magnificent places like Belvedere Castelletto, the "Righi district" , "Santuario di Nostra Signora di Loreto", "Santuario della Madonnetta", "Santuario di San Francesco da Paola".
Monte Fasce provides a complete picture of the city.
To reach the interior of Genoa Province one can use Genoa-Casella Old Railway, 25 kilometers (16 miles) from the railway line between the mountains of Genoa.
Demographics
As of early 2011, there were 608,493 people living in Genoa, of which 47% were male and 53% were women. The city is characterized by rapid aging and a long history of demographic demotion, which has shown a partial slowdown in the last decade. Genoa has the lowest birth rate and is the oldest of the big cities in Italy. Children (age 18 and under) are only 14.12% of the population compared with retirees of 26.67%. This compares with the Italian average of 18.06% (minors) and 19.94% (pensioners). The median age of the Genoese population is 47, compared with the Italian average of 42. The current birth rate of the city is only 7.49 births per 1,000 population, compared with the national average of 9.45. In 2006, 94.23% of the population was Italian. The largest immigrant group is from America (mostly Ecuador): 2.76%, other European countries (mostly Albania, Ukraine, former Yugoslavia and Romania): 1.37%, and North Africa: 0.62%. The city is predominantly Roman Catholic, with a small number of Protestants.
Economy
The metropolitan area of ​​Genoa has a GDP of $ 30.1 billion in 2011, or $ 33,003 per capita.
Ligurian agriculture has increased the pattern of specialization in high-quality products (flowers, wine, olive oil) and thus managed to maintain gross value added per worker at a much higher rate than the national average (approximately 42% difference in 1999). The value of flower production represents more than 75% of agricultural turnover, followed by livestock (11.2%) and vegetable growth (6.4%).
Steel, once a major industry during the 1950s and 1960s booms, was removed after the 1980s crisis, when Italy moved from heavy industry to pursue more advanced and less polluting production. So the Ligurian industry has switched to high-quality and high-tech products (food, shipbuilding (in Sestri Ponente and in metropolitan area - Sestri Levante), electro and electronic engineering, petrochemical, aerospace, etc.). Nevertheless, the region still maintains a growing shipbuilding sector (construction and maintenance of yachts, cruise shipbuilding, military shipyards). In the service sector, the gross value added per worker in Liguria is 4% above the national average. This is due to the increasing diffusion of modern technology, especially in trade and tourism. A good toll road network (376 sq km in 2000) made communication with border areas relatively easy. The main highway lies along the coastline, connecting the main ports of Nice (in France), Savona, Genoa, and La Spezia. Number of passenger cars per 1000 population (524 in 2001) below the national average (584). On average, about 17 million tons of cargo are shipped from major ports in the region and about 57 million tons enter the region. The Port of Genoa, with a trade volume of 58.6 million tonnes ranked first in Italy, second in terms of the equivalent twenty-foot units after the transshipment port of Gioia Tauro, with trading volumes of over 2 million TEUs. The main destinations for passenger-cargo traffic are Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Barcelona, ​​â € <â € Some companies based in Genoa include Ansaldo STS, Ansaldo Energia, Edoardo Raffinerie Garrone, Italian Navy List, Banca Carige, SLAM, and Costa Cruises. Science technology park of Erzelli
The western region of Genoa hosts the Erzelli GREAT Campus, a construction science technology park that houses the high-tech Siemens, Ericsson, Esaote, and robotics labs of the Italian Institute of Technology (IIT). The Erzelli GREAT Campus science park is ongoing enlargement process, and in the future will host the new University of Genoa Engineering Faculty.
Culture
Visual art
Active 14th-century Genoese painters include Barnaba da Modena and his local followers NicolÃÆ'² da Voltri and at the same time, the sculptor Giovanni Pisano reached Genoa to make a monument to Margaret of Brabant, whose remains are now kept in the Sant Museum 'Agostino.
In the 16th century along with the growing trade between the Republic of Genoa and Flanders also cultivated cultural exchanges. The painter Lucas and Cornelis de Wael lived in Genoa for a long time, where they played the role of magnet for many Flemish painters such as Jaan Roos, Giacomo Legi, Jan Matsys, Andries van Eertvelt and Vincent Malo.
This creative environment also attracted two of the most important Flemish painters, Rubens and Van Dyck, who along with Bernardo Strozzi. gave life to the School of Genoese Painting from the 17th century.
Much of the city's art is found in its churches and palaces, where there are many Renaissance, Baroque and Rococo paintings. They are rich in the artworks of the Cathedral, Chiesa del GesÃÆ'¹ where The Sunat and â € Å" Miracles St. Ignatius â € by Rubens, the Assunzione della Vergine by Guido Reni. The Church of San Donato contains works by Barnaba da Modena, NicolÃÆ'² da Voltri and Joos van Cleve, Church of St. Stefano Raj Stephen by Giulio Romano and Church of Santa Maria Assunta statues by Filippo Parodi and Pierre Puget, very interesting is Santa Maria di Castello. But most of the work is kept in the Palace like Palazzo Bianco where " Ecce Homo " by Caravaggio, "Susannah and the Elders " by Veronese, " Garden Party in Albaro "by Magnasco. Palazzo Rosso where Portrait of Anton Giulio Brignole-Sale by van Dyck, Cleopatra morente by Guercino and DÃÆ'¼rer, Bernardo Strozzi, Mattia Preti, Veronese. Palazzo Spinola di Pellicceria where " Images of Giovanni Carlo Doria on Horseback Riding " by Rubens and " Ecce Homo " by Antonello da Messina, (see also the Ecce Homo series by Antonello da Messina). Palazzo Tursi by Canova and Palazzo Reale containing works by Strozzi, Gaulli, Tintoretto, van Dyck, Simon Vouet, Guercino.
The most important Genoa painter is: "Luca Cambiaso", "Bernardo" and "Valerio Castello", "Giovanni Benedetto Castiglione", "Domenico" and "Paolo Gerolamo Piola", "Gregorio De Ferrari", "Bernardo Strozzi", "Giovanni Battista Gaulli "and" Alessandro Magnasco ". Sculptors include Filippo Parodi, sculptor Anton Maria Maragliano, Francesco Maria Schiaffino and Agostino Carlini who are members of the Royal Academy.
In Genoa on 14 February 1404, renowned humanist writer, architect, poet and philosopher Leon Battista Alberti was born. From Genoa also Simonetta Vespucci is considered the most beautiful woman of her time, we find depicted in the The Birth of Venus and Allegory of Primavera by Sandro Botticelli and in Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci by Piero in Cosimo.
Genoa is also famous for its many rugs, which adorn many salons in the city. While the palaces and villas are in the city and still magnificent and majestic, the interior tends to be luxurious and elaborate, often full of rugs, many of which are Flemish. Famous is the Genoese lace called the Turkish origin name "MacramÃÆ'¨". Highly used in Genoa is Cobblestone called "Risseu" and a kind of Azulejo called "Laggioni".
Genoa has been likened to many with the New York Mediterranean, perhaps because its medieval high houses are equivalent to today's skyscrapers, perhaps for the Genoa-New York sea route that centuries ago had passed by millions of emigrants. Architect Renzo Picasso in his visionary design reinforces the strange closeness between the two cities.
In the Monumental Cemetery of Staglieno, you can admire some magnificent statues from the late 19th and early 20th centuries like Monteverde Angel by Giulio Monteverde, or work with artists such as "Augusto Rivalta", "Leonardo Bistolfi", "Edoardo Alfieri" "saint Varni".
Among the 19th century Genoa painters and the first half of the 20th century remember: "Tammar Luxoro", "Ernesto Rayper", "Rubaldo Merello" and "Antonio Giuseppe Santagata", in Genoa also grew into sculptor Francesco Messina.
In 1967 German German historian, critic and curator Germano Celant coined the term Arte Povera. "Enrico Accatino" is an important art theorist and Emanuele Luzzati is a production and illustrator designer like Lorenzo Mongiardino as well as a production designer and architect. Two other important artists are Emilio Scanavino and Vanessa Beecroft.
In 1972 it was established in Rapallo near Genoa of the annual International Cartoon Exhibition art exhibition. About this, we must remember the illustrator and comic artist, Giovan Battista Carpi.
Literature
"Anonymous from Genoa" was one of the first writers in Liguria and Italy who wrote verses in Vernacular. Explained that in Genoa Marco Polo and Rustichello da Pisa, in the prison of Palazzo San Giorgio, wrote The Travels of Marco Polo. The Golden Legend is a collection of hagiography written by the Archbishop of Genoa Jacobus de Voragine. To animate the Genoese literary environment in the 16th century was Gabriello Chiabrera and "Ansaldo CebÃÆ'", the latter famous for his correspondence with Sara Copia Sullam. This city has been the birthplace of the historian Caffaro in Rustico da Caschifellone, poet "Martin Piaggio", from renowned historian, philosopher and journalist Giuseppe Mazzini, from writer Piero Jahier, Nobel Prize laureate Eugenio Montale. Author and translator Fernanda Pivano, journalist "Vito Elio Petrucci" and poet Edoardo Sanguineti, literary critic Carlo Bo was born in Sestri Levante near Genoa. We also remember the Edoardo Firpo box-feeder and the symbolic Ceccardo Roccatagliata Ceccardi. The city of Genoa has been an inspiration to many writers and poets including: Dino Campana, Camillo Sbarbaro, Gaspare Invrea who wrote "The mouth of the wolf" and Giorgio Caproni. Among the alleys in the historic center is Old Libreria Bozzi. The "Berio Civic Library" stores a valuable manuscript titled "The Durazzo Book of Hours". In the first half of the 20th century, the Mazzini Gallery was the meeting place of many artists, writers and intellectuals among them Guido Gozzano, Salvatore Quasimodo, Camillo Sbarbaro, Francesco Messina, Pierangelo Baratono, Eugenio Montale. In the thirties of the 20th century active in Genoa magazine Circoli and after World War II, magazine "Il Gallo". Told and known from the 1960s to the 1980s is the Genoa literary space that is driven by the author Minnie Alzona.
Since 1995, all of June took place in Genoa at the Genoa International Poetry Festival, organized by Claudio Pozzani with the help of Massimo Bacigalupo.
Music
Genoa is the cultural center of Occitanie in Italy and for this reason it develops an important school of troubadors: Lanfranc Cigala, Jacme Grils, Bonifaci Calvo, Luchetto Gattilusio, Guillelma de Rosers, and Simon Doria.
Genoa is the birthplace of composer Simone Molinaro, violinist and composer NiccolÃÆ'² Paganini, violinist Camillo Sivori and composer Cesare Pugni. In addition, the famous violinist Paolo de Barbieri. The Paganini violin, Il Cannone Guarnerius, is kept at Palazzo Tursi. The city is the site of Paganini NiccolÃÆ'² Conservatory of Music.
Alessandro Stradella, an intermediate baroque composer, lived in Genoa and was assassinated in 1682.
Felice Romani is a poet who wrote many libretto for operatic composers such as Gaetano Donizetti and Vincenzo Bellini. Giovanni Ruffini is another poet known for writing libretto opera Don Pasquale for his composer.
Pada 1847, Goffredo Mameli dan Michele Novaro menyusun "The Song of the Italians".
In 1857, debuted the work of Giuseppe Verdi titled Simon Boccanegra inspired by the first Doge Genoa, Simone Boccanegra.
Genoa is also the birthplace of conductor Fabio Luisi and many opera singers like Giuseppe Taddei, Margherita Carosio, Luciana Serra, and Daniela DessÃÆ'¬.
Teatro Carlo Felice was built in 1828 in the town of Piazza De Ferrari, and was named for the king of the Sardinian Kingdom at the time (which included areas in Sardinia, Piedmont and Liguria). The theater is the center of music and social life in the 19th century. In various occasions in the history of the theater, presentations have been made by Mascagni, Richard Strauss, Hindemith, and Stravinsky. Other Genoese theater are Genovese Politeama, Teatro Stabile in Genova, Teatro della Tosse, and Teatro Gustavo Modena.
On the occasion of Christopher Columbus's celebration in 1992, a new musical life was given to the area around the old port, including the restoration of Paganini's home and the presentation of the trallalero, the traditional hymn of the duck Genoese.
Trallalero, traditional music in the Genoese dialect, is a polyphonic vocal music, played by five men and several songs. Trallalero is an ancient song rooted in Mediterranean traditions. Another aspect of traditional Genoese music is "Nostalgia Song". The lead author and singer of Nostalgia in Genoese dialect is Mario Cappello who wrote "Ma se ghe penso" (English: "But if I think of it"), Genoa memories by an immigrant to Argentina, Giuseppe Marzari, Agostino Dodero to I Trilli, Piero Parody, " Buby Senarega" , Franca Lai. Nostalgia Traditional songs will have a major influence on what Scuola Genovese called the singer-songwriter who in some cases will mix nostalgic feelings with pop and jazz atmosphere.
Singer Natalino Otto started the swing genre in Italy and his friends and colleagues Pippo Barzizza was a composer, arranger, conductor and music director. Musicians, composers, and other arranger are Angelo Francesco Lavagnino, Gian Piero Reverberi, Gian Franco Reverberi, Oscar Prudente, Pivio and Aldo De Scalzi.
Genoa in the second half of the 20th century famous for important school singer-songwriter Italy, called the Scuola Genovese, which includes Umberto Bindi, Luigi Tenco "," Gino Paoli "," Bruno Lauzi "," Fabrizio de AndrÃÆ' Â ©, Ivano Fossati, Angelo Branduardi "and Francesco Baccini.Nino Ferrer was also born in Genoa.In the 70s there was formed in Genoa many progressive Italian rock bands such as New Trolls, Picchio dal Pozzo, Latte e Miele, and Delirium.Today we directed the band buio pesto and band The Banshee.
Some songs about the city of Genoa are part of Italian popular culture, such as "Via del Campo" and "La CittÃÆ' Vecchia" by Fabrizio de Andrà © ©, "Genova per noi" by Paolo Conte, "La Casa di Via del Campo" sung by Amalia Rodrigues and "Piazza Alimonda" song about the fact of Genoa 2001 by Francesco Guccini.
Fabrizio de Andrà ©  © in 1984 released the album CrÃÆ'ªuza de mÃÆ'¤ , written entirely in the Genoese dialect.
I Madrigalisti di Genova is a vocal and instrumental group formed in 1958 that specializes in medieval and Renaissance repertoire
The city has many music festivals, among them Concerts at San Fruttuoso monastery, Premio Paganini, I Concerti at San Torpete, Genova International Music Festival, We Love Jazz, Gezmatz Festival & amp; Workshop, and Goa-Boa Festival. In the city of Santa Margherita Ligure, the ancient monastery of Cervara is often the location of room music.
Giovine Orchestra Genovese, one of Italy's oldest concert associations, was founded in Genoa in 1912.
Movies
Genoa has been the venue for many movies and especially for a genre called Polizieschi. The leading directors born in Genoa include Pietro Germi and Giuliano Montaldo, the actors: Gilberto Govi, Vittorio Gassman, Paolo Villaggio, Alberto Lupo, actresses: Lina Volonghi, Delia Boccardo, Rosanna Schiaffino, Eleonora Rossi Drago, Marcella Michelangeli and porn actress Moana Pozzi. Prior to the film career of actor Bartolomeo Pagano, he was a camallo , which meant stevedore, at the port of Genoa. His career at the cinema began with the film Cabiria, one of the first and most famous colossals. In 1985 filmed in Genoa several scenes of Pirates by Roman Polanski, finished shooting them leaving at Old Harbor Neptune Galleon.
Some movies in Genoa:
Language
The Genoese dialect ( Zeneize ) is the most important dialect of the Ligurian language, and is commonly used in Genoa with Italy. Ligurian is listed by Ethnologue as its own language, from the Romance branch, the Romance of Ligurian, and not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language. Like the Lombardy language, Piedmont, and the surrounding area, it is a Gallo-Italic derivation.
Sports
There are two major soccer teams in Genoa: Genoa C.F.C. and U.C. Sampdoria; the first is the oldest football club operating in Italy, (History of Genoa C.F.C.). The football section of the club was founded in 1893 by James Richardson Spensley, a British doctor. Genoa 1893 has won 9 championships (between 1898 and 1924) and 1 Italian Cup (season 1936/1937). U.C. Sampdoria was founded in 1946 from the merger of two existing clubs, Andrea Doria (founded in 1895) and Sampierdarenese (founded in 1911). Sampdoria have won one Italian championship (Serie A - Seasons 1990-1991), 4 Italian Cups, 1 UEFA Cup Winners Cup in 1989/90 and 1 Italian Super Cup. Genoa C.F.C. and U.C. Sampdoria play their home game at the Luigi Ferraris stadium, which holds 36,536 spectators. Very much felt is a derby called Derby della Lanterna.
Takes place in Genoa international tournament AON Open Challenger.
In the city rugby union is represented by CUS Genova Rugby, which is a rugby union team from the University of Genoa Sports Center. CUS Genova reached its peak in 1971-1973 when the team became runners-up Serie A Italy for three consecutive seasons and did not win the Petrarca Rugby title. Among the CUS Genova players who represent Italy at the international level, the most relevant are Marco Bollesan and Agostino Puppo.
In 1947 founded CUS Genova Hockey and in 1968 the basketball club Athletic Genova. The city hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1934 and in 1990, in 1988 the European Karate Championships and in the 1992 European Athletics Indoor Championships. In 2003 it was inaugurated the indoor sports arena, Vaillant Palace
The city lends its name to a certain type of sailing ship called the Genoa screen, in 2007 the city hosted the High Ship Racing.
Cuisine
Popular sauces of Genoese cuisine include Pesto sauce, garlic sauce called Agliata, "Walnut Sauce" called Salsa di noci, Green Sauce, Pesto in fave, Pasta d'acciughe and meat sauce called U Toccu . Genovese sauce is Genoa's contribution to Neapolitan cuisine. The Genoese tradition includes many variations of pasta such as Trenette, Corzetti (see also Corsetti), Trofie, Pansoti, Croxetti and also: "Farinata", Panissa,
Other elements of Genoa cuisine include Ligurian Olive Oil, cheeses such as BrÃÆ'¶s, U Cabanin, San StÃÆ'¨ cheese, Giuncata, sausages such as Testa in cassetta, Salame cotto and Salame genovese at Sant 'Olcese which is the style of Genoa salami. Fresh pasta (usually trofie ) or trenette with pesto sauce is probably the most iconic of any Genoa dish. The pesto sauce is prepared with fresh Genovese basil, pine nuts, grated parmesan, garlic and olive oil pounded together. Ligurian wines such as Pigato, Vermentino, SciacchetrÃÆ', Rossese and Ciliegiolo del Tigullio are very popular. The Genoese plate of dishes includes trips cooked in recipes such as Sbira, Polpettone in melanzane, Tomaxelle Minestrone alla genovese, Bagnun, fish-consisting of Ciuppin (predecessor of Cioppino San Francisco), Buridda, Seppie in zimino, Preboggion.
Two sophisticated Genoese recipes are: Cappon magro and Cima alla genovese (a song by Fabrizio De Andrà ©  © titled ' A ÃÆ'â € imma and dedicated to this Genoese recipe). Coming from Genoa is the Pandolce that gave rise to Genoa cakes. The city landed its name into a special paste used for preparing cakes and pastries called Genoise and for Pain de GÃÆ'ªnes.
In Genoa there are many food markets in typical nineteenth-century iron structures such as Ferro Market, Dinegro Market, Via Prè Market, Piazza Sarzano Market, Mercato del Carmine, Mercato della Foce, Romagnosi Market. The East Market is a stone building and has a circular structure.
People
Genoa has left a tremendous impression on many famous personalities. Friedrich Nietzsche loved Genoa and wrote some of his works there. Sigmund Freud and Ezra Pound live near Genoa in Rapallo. Anton Chekhov says that Genoa "is the most beautiful city in the world," and Richard Wagner writes: "I have never seen anything like this Genoa! It is something extraordinarily beautiful."
Among the 19th and 20th century figures who wrote about Genoa were Heinrich Heine, Osip Mandelstam, Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen, Mary Shelley, Oscar Wilde, Charles Dickens, Mark Twain, Joseph Conrad, Vicente Blasco Ibaguà © ez, Gustave Flaubert, Alexandre Dumas, Louis ÃÆ' â € ° nault, Valery Larbaud, Albert Camus, Paul Valace, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Paul Klee. Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini, and Pietro Mascagni. Verdi in his work, Simon Boccanegra , was inspired by the medieval history of the city. Poets Dino Campana, Camillo Sbarbaro, and Giorgio Caproni have made Genoa a recurring element of their poetic work.
Genoa terkenal termasuk Sinibaldo dan Ottobuono Fieschi (Paus Innocent IV dan Adrian V), John Baptist Cybo (Paus Innocent VIII) dan James of the Church (Paus Benediktus XV), navigator Christopher Columbus, Antonio de Noli, Henry Albert of Albertis, Henry de Candia (Henry, Pangeran Malta) dan Andrea Doria, komposer Niccolò Paganini dan Michele Novaro, patriot Italy Giuseppe Mazzini, Goffredo Mameli dan Nino Bixio, penulis dan penerjemah Wing Kekerasan, penyair Edoardo Sanguineti, politisi komunis Palmiro Togliatti, arsitek Renzo Piano, seni kurator dan kritikus Germano Celant, Fisika 2002 pemenang Hadiah Nobel Riccardo Giacconi, Sastra 1975 pemenang Hadiah Nobel Eugenio Montale, pengadilan pelukis Giovanni Maria of the Piane (The Mulinaretto) dari keluarga of the Piane, artis Vanessa Beecroft, Enrico Accatino, komedian Gilberto Govi, paolo Villaggio, Beppe Grillo, Luca Bizzarri, Paolo dan Maurizio Crozza Kessisoglu; Penyanyi-penulis lagu Fabrizio de AndrÃÆ'Â ©, Ivano Fossati, Umberto Bindi, Lightman Bruno dan Francesco Baccini, sementara Luigi Tenco dan Gino Paoli juga dikenal sebagai Genoa penyanyi-penulis lagu, Meskipun mereka respectively dari Cassine dan Monfalcone; ator Victor Gassman, dan aktris Moana Pozzi, Giorgio Parodi yang dikandung perusahaan sepeda motor Moto Guzzi dengan Carlo Guzzi dan Giovanni Ravelli.
Some reports say navigator and explorer Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) also comes from Genoa, others say he is from Savona. The saints of Genoa include Romulus, Syrus, Catherine of Genoa. Among the latest generation, musicians such as Andrea Bacchetti, Giulio Plotino, Sergio Ciomei, Lorenzo Cavasanti, Stefano Bagliano and Fabrizio Cipriani, as well as academics and writers such as Michele Giugliano and Roberto Dillon, helped keep the city's name on the international spotlight in various fields among art, technology and culture.
Museum
Education and research
The first form of organized higher education in Genoa dates from the 13th century when private universities are entitled to degrees in Medicine, Philosophy, Theology, Law, Art. Today the University of Genoa, founded in the 15th century, is one of the largest in Italy, with 11 faculties, 51 departments and 14 libraries. In 2007-2008, the University has 41,000 students and 6,540 graduates.
Genoa is also home to other Academies, Colleges or Museums:
The Italian Institute of Technology was founded in 2003 jointly by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research as well as Italian Economy and Finance Minister, to promote excellence in basic and applied research. The Institute's main research areas are Neuroscience, Robotics, Nanotechnology, Drug discovery. The laboratory and research center headquarters are located in Morego, in the Bolzano neighborhood.
Clemson University, based in South Carolina, USA has villas in Genoa where architecture students and students in related fields can attend a semester or long term study program.
Florida International University (FIU), based in Miami, Florida, USA also has a small campus in Genoa, with the University of Genoa, which offers classes within the FIU Architecture School.
Science
Genoa is the birthplace of "Giovanni Battista Baliani" and "Vincentio Reinieri" from geneticist "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza" of astrophysicists, Nobel Prizes, "Riccardo Giacconi" and astronaut Franco Malerba. The city is home to the Hi-Tech Park of Erzelli, to the Istituto Italiano in Tecnologia, to the "Istituto idrografico della Marina" and annually hosts the Festival della Scienza. The city has important traditions in the fields of geology, paleontology, botany and naturalistic studies, among the most prominent figures who remember: "Lorenzo Pareto", "Luigi d'Albertis", "Enrico Alberto d'Albertis", "Giacomo Doria" and "Arturo Issel", we appoint Orto Botanico dell'UniversitÃÆ' in Genova. Very important and famous is Istituto Giannina Gaslini.
In 1846, the city hosted the eighth "Italian Scientific Meeting" and in 1902 Luigi Carnera discovered an asteroid and called it "485 Genua", dedicating it to the Latin name of Genoa.
Transport
Port
Several cruise lines and ferries serve passenger terminals in the old port, with 3.2 million passengers in 2007. MSC Cruises chose Genoa as one of the main ports at home, in competition with Spanish company Costa Cruises, which moved its port home to Savona. The pier from the passenger terminal extends over 250,000 square meters (2,700,000 square feet), with 5 wharves equipped for cruises and 13 for ferries, for an annual capacity of 4 million ferry passengers, 1.5 million cars and 250,000 trucks. The historic maritime station Ponte dei Mille is currently a technologically advanced shipping terminal, with facilities designed after the most modern airport in the world, to ensure the start and drop of the latest generation of ships that carry thousands of passengers quickly. A third voyage terminal is currently being built in the redesigned area of ​​Ponte Parodi, once the dock is used for wheat traffic.
The Costa Concordia cruise ship, owned by Cost Cruises, is now anchored in the harbor and will soon be demolished.
Air freight
The Genoa Airport (IATA: GOA , ICAO: LIMJ ) is built on the artificial peninsula, 4Ã, NM (7.4 km, 4.6 mi) west of the city. The airport is currently operated by Aeroporto in Genova S.P.A., which recently increased the airport complex, which now connects Genoa with daily flights to Rome, Napoli, Paris, London, Madrid and Munich. In 2008, 1,202,168 passengers traveled through the airport, with increasing international destinations and charter flights.
Public transport
The main railway stations are Genoa Brignole and Genoa Principe, the first located on the eastern side of the city center, close to the business district and exhibition center, while the second is on the west side, close to the harbor, university and historical center. From these two stations departs the main train that connects Genoa to France, Turin, Milan, and Rome.
Genoa's third most important station is Genoa Sampierdarena, which serves a densely populated environment of Sampierdarena. A total of 23 other local stations serve other neighborhoods, along the 30-kilometer coastline from Nervi to Voltri, and on the northern route through Bolzaneto and the Polcevera Valley.
The city administration of Genoa is projecting to transform this urban railroad into a part of the rapid transit system, which now consists of a light metro connecting Brin to the city center and called the Metropolitana di Genova (Genoa Metro). The metro line was recently extended to Brignole Station, with the opening of a new station in December 2012. The Corvetto station between De Ferrari and Brignole is currently skipped. The possibility of further extension to the east, densely populated districts is planned, but the municipality is interested in improving public transport investing in new tram lines rather than completing the extension of the light metro. Current stations of the metro line are Brin-Certosa, Dinegro, Principe, Darsena, San Giorgio, Sant'Agostino and De Ferrari, and a 5.3 km (3.3 mi) long line.
The hilly nature of the city has affected the provision of transportation, and the city is served by three cable-operated trains (the Zemca-Righi tremolo, the Sant'Anna cable car and the Quezzi cable car), a Principe-Granarolo railway rack, and 10 public elevator.
The city's metro, bus and municipal bus network is operated by AMT (Azienda MobilitÃÆ' e Trasporti S.p.A.). There is also Bus Drin - a request for responsive transport services (DRT) that connects the hilly, low-density areas of Genoa. The average amount of time people spend traveling by public transport in Genova, for example to and from work, on weekdays is 54 minutes. 10% of public transport drivers, driving for more than 2 hours every day. The average number of people waiting at stops or stations for public transport is 12 minutes, while 13% of drivers wait more than 20 minutes on average each day. The average distance a person usually rides on one trip by public transport is 4 km, while 2% travels for more than 12 km in one direction.
International relations
Genoa twins with:
Genoa has bilateral agreements with the following twin cities:
Consulate
Famous people
See also
- Genoa: Le Strade Nuove and the Palazzi dei Rolli system
- List of tallest buildings in Genoa
- MT Haven Amoco Haven disaster tanker
- List of British diplomats to the Republic of Genoa
References
Bibliography
See also: Geno Bibliography
- Gino Benvenuti. Le repubbliche marinare. Amalfi, Pisa, Genova e Venezia . Netwon Compton, Rome, 1989.
- Steven A. Epstein; Genoa & amp; the Genoese, 958-1528 University of North Carolina Press, 1996; online edition
- Steven A. Epstein; "Labor and Port Life in Medieval Genoa." Reviews of Mediterranean History . 3 (1988): 114-40.
- Steven A. Epstein; "The Business and Time Cycle of Genoa in the Middle Ages." Historical Business Review 62 (1988): 238-60.
- Richard's face. "Secular History in the 12th Century Italy: Caffaro of Genoa." Journal of Medieval History 6 (1980): 169-84.
- Hughes Diane Owen. "Kinsmen and Neighbors in Medieval Genoa." In The Medieval City, edited by Harry A. Miskimin, David Herlihy, and Adam L. Udovitch, 1977, 3-28.
- Hughes Diane Owen. "Urban Growth and Family Structure in Medieval Genoa." Past and Present 66 (1975): 3-28.
- Lopez Robert S. "Genoa." In Medieval Dictionary, pp. 383-87. 1982.
- Vitale Vito. Breviario della storia in Genova. Vols. 1-2. Genoa, 1955.
- Giuseppe Felloni - Guido Laura " Genova e la storia della finanza: una serie di primatiÃ,?" "Genoa and financial history: a series of firsts?" November 9, 2004, ISBNÃ, 88-87822-16-6 (www.giuseppefelloni.it)
- Van Doosselaere, Quentin, Commercial Agreement and Social Dynamics in Medieval Genoa (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009).
- ?????????? ? ?, ?????????? ? ?, ????????? ? ? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????; ?????????????????? ?????. - ??????: ?????, 2017.-- 260 ?. - ISBN 978-617-669-209-6
External links
- Official Site
- Genova2015.org - Official Site
- http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1211
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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