mural is any artwork painted or applied directly on walls, ceilings, or other permanent surfaces. The distinct characteristic of mural painting is that the architectural elements of the given space are harmoniously inserted into the picture.
Some of the wall paintings are painted on large canvas, which are then affixed to the wall (for example, with marouflage). Whether these works can be accurately called "murals" is the subject of some controversy in the art world, but this technique has been commonly used since the late 19th century.
Video Mural
Histori
Mural kinds of dates for the Upper Paleolithic era such as paintings in the Chauvet Cave in the ArdÃÆ'¨che department of southern France (about 30,000 BC). Many ancient murals have been found in ancient Egyptian tombs (around 3150 BC), Minoan palaces (period III of the Middle Neopalatial period, 1700-1600 BC) and in Pompeii (about 100 BC - 79 AD).
During medieval mural usually performed on dry cast (secco). The large collection of Kerala murals dating from the 14th century is an example of a secco fresco. In Italy, around 1300, the technique of fresco painting on wet plaster was reintroduced and resulted in a significant increase in the quality of mural paintings.
In modern times, the term became more popular with the Mexican muralism movement (Diego Rivera, David Siqueiros and Josà © Orozco). There are many different styles and techniques. The most famous ones are the fresco , which use water soluble paint with wet chalking, the rapid use of the resulting mixture on a large surface, and often in part (but with a sense of the whole). The color becomes brighter when dry. The marouflage method has also been used for thousands of years.
Today's mural is painted in various ways, using oil or water-based media. Style may vary from abstract to trompe-l'oeil (French term for "fool" or "hoax"). Initiated by works by mural artists such as Graham Rust or Rainer Maria Latzke in the 1980s, trompe-l'oeil paintings have experienced a resurgence in private and public buildings in Europe. Today, the beauty of the wall murals becomes much more widely available with techniques in which paintings or photographic images are transferred onto poster or canvas paper which is then affixed to the wall wall (see wallpaper, Frescography) to give the painted mural effect with a realistic hand or scene.
Maps Mural
Technique
In the mural history some methods have been used:
The fresco painting, from the Italian word affresco derived from the fresco adjectives ("fresh"), describes the method in which the paint is applied to the plaster on the wall or ceiling. The buon fresco technique consists of painting in a pigment mixed with water on a wet, fresh, cemented or semen plaster. The pigment is then absorbed by the wet plaster; after a few hours, the plaster dries and reacts with air: this is a chemical reaction that fixes the pigment particles in the cast. After this the painting lasted for a long time through the centuries in a fresh and brilliant color.
Fresco-secco painting done on dry cast ( secco is "dry" in Italian). The pigments require a binding medium, such as egg (tempera), glue or oil to attach the pigment to the wall.
Mezzo-fresco is painted on almost dry plaster, and is defined by 16th-century writer Ignazio Pozzo as "strong enough not to take a thumbprint" so the pigment just penetrates slightly into the plaster. By the end of the sixteenth century it largely replaced the buon fresco method, and was used by painters such as Gianbattista Tiepolo or Michelangelo. This technique, in its reduced form, benefits from a secco works.
Materials
In the Greco-Roman period, most of the enca colors used in cold conditions were used.
Tempering paintings are one of the oldest known methods in murals. In the tempera, the pigments are bound in mediums containing album such as egg yolks or egg whites dissolved in water.
In 16th-century Europe, oil paintings on canvas emerged as an easier method for mural painting. The advantage is that the artwork can be completed in the artist's studio and then transported to its destination and there attached to the wall or ceiling. Oil paint may be an unsatisfactory medium for the mural due to its lack of color brilliance. Also the pigment is yelled by a binder or more easily influenced by atmospheric conditions. The canvas itself is more vulnerable than plaster. Different muralists tend to be experts in the media and applications of their choice, whether it be oil paint, emulsion or acrylic paint applied with brush, roller or airbrush/aerosol. The client will often ask for a particular style and the artist can adjust to the appropriate technique.
Consultations usually lead to the detailed design and layout of the proposed mural with a price offer approved by the client before the muralists start working. The area to be painted can be fenced to fit the design that allows the image to scale accurately step by step. In some cases the design is projected directly onto the wall and traced with a pencil before the painting begins. Some muralists will paint directly without the previous sketches, preferring a spontaneous technique.
After the mural finish can be given a varnish layer or acrylic glaze protector to protect the work from UV rays and surface damage.
In its modern and fast form, young fans also use POP clay mixed with glue or bonding to provide the desired model on canvas boards. The canvas is then set aside to allow the clay to dry. Once dry, the canvas and shapes can be painted with your choice of color and then coated with varnish.
As an alternative to hand-painted murals or with airbrushes, digitally printed murals can also be applied to surfaces. An existing mural can be photographed and then reproduced with near-original quality.
The disadvantages of pre-fabricated murals and stickers are that they are often mass-produced and lack the appeal and exclusivity of the original artwork. They often do not fit the size of the client's individual walls and their personal ideas or desires can not be added to the mural when walking. The Frescography technique, the digital manufacturing method (CAM) created by Rainer Maria Latzke discusses some personalization and size restrictions.
Digital techniques are usually used in advertising. A "wallcape" is a large ad or attached to the outer wall of the building. Wallscapes can be painted directly on the wall as a mural, or printed on vinyl and securely attached to the wall by way of billboards. Although not strictly classified as a mural, large-scale print media is often called. The ad mural is traditionally painted on buildings and stores by mark authors, then as a large-scale poster billboard.
Significance
Mural is important because they bring art into the public space. Due to the size, cost, and work involved in the making of the mural, the muralists must often be assigned by sponsors. Often it is a local government or business, but many murals have been paid for with patronage grants. For artists, their work gets a lot of spectators who probably will not set foot in the art gallery. A city benefits from the beauty of a work of art.
Murals can be a relatively effective means of social emancipation or achieve political goals. Murales are sometimes created against the law, or have been commissioned by local bars and coffeeshops. Often, the visual effect is the attraction to attract public attention to social problems. State-sponsored public art expression, especially murals, is often used by totalitarian regimes as a propaganda tool. However, apart from functioning propaganda characters, some of them still have artistic value.
Mural can have a dramatic impact both consciously or unconsciously on the attitudes of passersby, when they are added to areas where people live and work. It can also be said that the presence of a large public mural can add aesthetic enhancement to the daily lives of the inhabitants or employees at the company premises.
Other notable murals can be found in Mexico, New York City, Philadelphia, Belfast, Derry, Los Angeles, Nicaragua, Cuba and in India. [1] They serve as an important communication tool for socially, ethnically and racially divided community members at the time of the conflict. They also proved to be an effective tool in building dialogue and thereby breaking the cleavage in the long run. The Indian state of Kerala has an exclusive mural. This Kerala mural painting is on the wall of a Hindu temple. They can date from the 9th century.
The San Bartolo mural of the Maya civilization in Guatemala, is the oldest example of this art in Mesoamerica and dated in 300 BC.
Many rural towns have begun using mural to create tourist attractions to boost economic income. Colquitt, Georgia is one such city. Colquitt was chosen to host the 2010 Global Mural Conference. The city has more than twelve completed murals, and will host the Conference together with Dothan, Alabama, and Blakely, Georgia. In the summer of 2010, Colquitt will begin working on their Mural Icon.
Politics
The Mexican mural movement in 1930 brought new excellence to the murals as a social and political tool. Diego Rivera, Josà © Orozco and David Siqueiros are the most famous artists of this movement. Between 1932 and 1940, Rivera also painted murals in San Francisco, Detroit, and New York City. In 1933, he completed the famous twenty-seven fresco panel entitled Detroit Industry on the wall of an inner courtyard at the Detroit Institute of Arts. During McCarthyism in the 1950s, a large sign was placed on the yard that retained the artistic value of the murals while attacking his politics as "disgusting".
In 1948, the Colombian government hosted the Pan-American Conference IX to establish Marshall's plan for America. The director of the OEA and the Colombian government commissioned Mr. Santiago Martinez Delgado to paint a mural at the congressional building in Colombia to commemorate the event. Martinez decided to make it about the Congress of CÃÆ'ºcuta, and paint BolÃÆ'var in front of Santander, making the liberals angry; so, because of the murder of Jorge Elieser Gaitan, el bogotazo mobs tried to set fire to the DPR building, but the Colombian Army stopped them. Years later, in the 1980s, with the liberals in charge of Congress, they passed a resolution to change the entire room in the 90-degree Elliptic Room to place the main murals on the side and commission Alejandro Obregon to paint non-partisan murals in style surrealist.
Northern Ireland contains some of the world's most famous political murals. Nearly 2,000 murals have been documented in Northern Ireland since the 1970s. Later, many non-sectarian murals, on political and social issues such as racism and environmentalism, and many are truly apolitical, depicting children in games and scenes from everyday life. (See Northern Ireland murals.)
Murals that are not political, but social-related include walls in an old building, once a prison, on a cliff top in Bardiyah, in Libya. It was painted and signed by artists in April 1942, the week before his death on the first day of the First Battle of El Alamein. Known as the Bardia Mural, it was made by British artist, personally John Frederick Brill.
In 1961, East Germany began to build a wall between East and West Berlin, which became famous as the Berlin Wall. While on painting the East side of Berlin is not allowed, artists paint on the western side of the Wall from the 80s until the fall of the Wall in 1989.
Many unknown and known artists such as Thierry Noir and Keith Haring paint on the Wall, "The world's longest canvas". Sometimes detailed artworks are often re-painted in a few hours or days. On the West side the Wall is not protected, so everyone can paint on the Wall. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the East side of the Berlin Wall became a popular "canvas" for many mural and graffiti artists. Orgosolo, in Sardinia, is the most important political center of mural.
It is also common for graffiti murals used as memoirs. In the book "Somebody Told Me," Rick Bragg writes about a series of communities, especially those located in New York, which have walls dedicated to the dead. This memorial, both written and mural styles, provides people who die to be present in the community where they live. Bragg stated that "the mural has weave itself in the fabric of the environment, and the city." This warning reminds people of the deaths caused by inner city violence.
Contemporary interior design
Traditional
Many people like to express their individuality by assigning an artist to paint a mural in their home. This is not a special activity for big home owners. A mural artist is only limited by cost and therefore time spent painting; dictate the level of detail; Simple murals can be added to the smallest wall.
Private commissions can be for dining room, bathroom, family room or, as is often the case in children's bedroom. The child's room can be turned into a 'fantasy world' of a forest or race track, encouraging imaginative play and awareness of art.
The current trend for feature walls has increased the commissions for muralists in the UK. A large hand-painted mural can be designed on a particular theme, combining personalized images and elements and can be changed during painting. The personal interaction between the client and the muralist is often a unique experience for an individual who is not usually involved in art.
In the 1980s, the frescoes of the illusion experienced a resurgence in private homes. The reasons for this revival in interior design can, in some cases be associated with a reduction of living space for individuals. The features of artificial architecture as well as natural scenery and scenery can have a 'wall opening' effect. Vast residential areas can also contribute to the feelings of people who are disconnected from nature in their free form. A mural commission of this kind may be an attempt by some to rebuild the balance with nature.
Mural commissions in schools, hospitals and retirement homes can achieve a pleasant and friendly atmosphere in these caring institutions. Mural in other public buildings, such as public houses are also common.
Graffiti-style
Recently, graffiti and street art have played a key role in contemporary wall paintings. Graffiti/street artists like Keith Haring, Shepard Fairey, Above, Mint & amp; Serf, Futura 2000, Os Gemeos, and Faile among others have managed to surpass their street art aesthetic outside the urban landscape wall and into the walls of private and corporate clients. As graffiti/street art became more mainstream in the late 1990s, youth-oriented brands such as Nike and Red Bull, with Wieden Kennedy, have turned to graffiti artists to decorate their own office walls. This trend continued until 2000 with graffiti art/street getting more recognition from art institutions around the world.
Ethnic
Many homeowners choose to display the traditional art and culture of their community or events from their history in their homes. Ethnic murals have become an important form of interior decoration. Warli mural painting became the preferred fashion of wall decoration in India. Warli's painting is an ancient Indian art form used by tribal people to describe the various phases of their lives on the walls of their mud houses.
Tile
Tile mural is a mural made of stone, ceramic, porcelain, glass and or metal tiles installed inside, or added to the surface of the existing wall. They are also carved on the floor. Tiles Mural painted, glazed, printed sublimation (as described below) or more traditionally cut or broken into pieces. In contrast to the traditional painted murals depicted above, mural tiles are always made using tiles.
Mosaic murals are made by combining small pieces of 1/4 "to 2" colored stones, ceramics, or glass tiles that are then laid out to create drawings. Modern technology has enabled commercial mosaic mural makers to use computer programs to separate photos into colors that are automatically cut and taped to mesh sheets thereby creating the right mural quickly and in large quantities.
The azulejo ( Portuguese pronunciation: Ã, [? Zu'le? U] , Spanish Pronunciation: Ã , [a? U'lexo] ) refers to the distinctive forms of painted Portuguese or Spanish paintings, tin plated, ceramic. They have become a typical aspect of Portuguese culture, manifesting without interruption for five centuries, the successive art trends.
Azulejos can be found inside and outside churches, palaces, ordinary houses and even railway stations or subway stations.
They are not only used as decorative art form, but also have special functional capacity such as home temperature control. Many azulejos record the main history and cultural aspects of Portuguese history.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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