mashup video (also written as video mash-up ) incorporates some pre-existing video resources with no visible relationship to each other into an integrated video. It is a derivative work as defined by the United States Copyright Act 17, and thus, may find protection from copyright claims under the doctrine of fair use. Examples of video mashups include remixed movie trailers, vids, YouTube Poop, Wishfie Reaction Video, and supercuts.
Video Mashup (video)
Music videos
- The first type is the most common derivative music video, combining two or more existing materials into a new one. These materials are usually valid music videos, but also include separate songs, videos, and still images. According to Navas, it can be a regressive type, for promotional purposes.
- The second type is slightly different from the first. It lets users record their own tracks - sung or played on instruments - then combines them with other tracks from the shared internet.
Both types of music video mashups are usually edited to match the rhythm of the song, and attempt to show a certain aesthetic style. And headed for the festive communication.
- The third is a music video made from pieces of various cut YouTube appearances. It's now a widespread or traditional type, which emphasizes the features of participants of the remix culture. According to Navas clarification mashup, it can be a reflexive mashup, for it is beyond the limits of common music videos, and eliminates the distance in geography and nationality.
The last two types are content commonly used in the Web2.0 era, which reflects more participation in mashups or remix cultures.
Maps Mashup (video)
Political videos
Political video mashups are a prime example of content produced by citizens. This mashup allows the creator to form a new meaning by pairing the two parts of the original, for example, one can take a politician's speeches and 'mash it up' with footage from a popular reality television show. This form of mashup, according to Richard L. Edwards and Chuck Tryon, can be accepted as an allegory of citizen empowerment. According to their article 'Political Video Mashups as Allegories of Citizen Empowerment', this video is empowering as users become more literate with the online and offline information they receive every day; they become more active when it comes to interpreting meaning and also realizing how a speech may have been manipulated.
Online video such as political mashup began to take a serious role in US politics. In the 2008 election (often referred to as 'YouTube Election'), more than 40% of voters watched video content related to elections online. Now the very widely accessible internet allows users to create and find digestible content; political mashup videos can make serious speeches more funny, accessible, and easy to understand. However, since anyone can make this mashup, it is important to remember that the original meaning may have been violated. Edwards and Tryon mention that parodies have become the most important form of critical intertextuality. Often, the creator of a political mashup will completely reverse the meaning to make it funny, some mashup artists choose to create meaning that is fully produced from the source material. Examples of videos and political mashup artists can be found below.
Trailer
The trailer mashup is also known as a trailing trailer, which involves collecting multiple pieces of a movie from one or several films and editing it to create a new trailer. Mashup trailers are often made for movies that do not exist or to change existing movie genres. The existence and popularity of mashup trailers can be credited to the convergence culture and Web 2.0 infrastructure, allowing movies to be easily accessed and shared online on video sharing websites such as YouTube.
Movies have long been a read-only medium, it's only meant to be watched. With the expansion of YouTube and other video sharing websites over the years, it has allowed the film to be transformed into a read-write medium. Digital files can now be accessed, edited and uploaded to the internet. Free editing software is widely accessible so anyone with access to a digital movie file can create a snapshot mashup.
The trailer mash is not only a form of user-created digital creativity, but also a way of creating anticipation for future releases, working alongside current movie trailers. Movie trailers are designed to provide minimal plot detail and create hype and anticipation. Fans create a trailer mashup allowing viewers to do their own cinematic playback on current movie footage. This allows the trailer to focus on certain actors or film sections. Can even change the plot or genre of the movie completely. Users create a snapshot mashup enabling creators to skip ad and promotional paths.
Supercuts
The term supercut was first made by Andy Baio. Also known as a mashup video supercut, they focus on repeated phrases and devices in movies and TV and repeat it in comic effects. Video content adds context to this cliche, and presents it in a new light, or inspires a moratorium on them.
Supercut first appeared a year after YouTube was created. In 2006, the audience will turn out to be more than six million people watching CSI: David Caruso from Miami does not wear sunglasses after making eloquent comments about a victim. In the video Caruso continued to perform the same action for seven minutes. The clip was probably the most prominent supercut before the term was created, and it was no accident. That's because the way the creators are edited to the end is screaming from the opening credits among each iteration, building up carefree rhythms and enduring calls. Details like these are key in the supercut genre.
Video web app
According to Eduardo Navas, web application mashups are a kind of Regenerative Remix that was developed with an interest to extend the functionality of the software for a specific purpose. Usually a combination of existing resources is put together. The emergence of web application mashups is for practical purposes. However, Navas admits that reflexive mashups can also be used for entertainment and the most common example is Vine.
Vine is the most widely used video app on the market, which is to make 6 seconds recurring videos, prioritizing visuals. To better understand the creative abilities of Vine's limitations, we analyze its formal elements. The interface is centered on the timeline: video recording begins when the user touches their mobile device's screen, and recording only happens as long as they touch the screen. With this touch and hold interface, there is no post-production editing: editing can be done by releasing a touch before the end of six seconds, framing a new shoot, then touching again to capture the next image in the montage.
Relationship with montage
- For Sergei Eisenstein, "montage is an idea that arises from the collision of independent shots even opposite each other to form a" dramatic "principle and the means of releasing ideas with the help of a single shot: the" epic "principle. li>
- Eisenstein successfully compresses the time and space of the video through his expertise in editing and that affects the basic principles of video mashup.
- Montage creates art conflict with:
- Become : This is the eternal friction between two conflicting contradictions .
- Synthesis : It stems from the contradiction between thesis and antithesis (used in writing or speech when two opposites are introduced for contrast effect ).
- Conflict in art is shared by:
- Social Mission : To make 'real' contradictions Be and help shape the intellectual concept.
- Nature : The natural tendency of creative Vs. existence. Application of the principle of rational logic for art.
- Methodology : Organic Vs collision Vs. the logical of the rational form creates the dialect of the art form.
- Visual counterpoints in moving images (cinema)
- Spatial cross section graphic art
- Temporal Battle music
A precedent for video mashups can be found in Eisenstein's montage film.
Important example
Cassetteboy - Their video mainly focuses on comedy, but many have a political message in it. For example, Rap Conference Cameron (who uses David Cameron's clip set with Eminem Lose Yourself ), Cassetteboy vs Nick Griffin vs. Question Time and > Cassetteboy vs The News . However, not all have a strong political emphasis. In an interview, Mike (one of two people behind the channel) talks about how mash-ups are accessible practices, saying "It's not an easy thing to do, but you do not have to do it too much. or microphone. You just need some recording and these days we are immersed in digital content. "
Rewind YouTube - Rewind YouTube is an annual video series produced and released by YouTube, beginning in 2010. This is a collection of videos that became viral on websites in the previous year. The series begins by simply placing video clips next to each other in a countdown style, but later transforming into a mash-up of video and music, using a YouTube star for video reference. It has no political or informative position, but one that celebrates the website and the people who are active in it.
What is Mashup? - What is Mashup? is a YouTube channel that begins in 2014, with over 100 video mashups by 2018. This channel is another channel that uses mash-ups in comedy, often using clips from two different pop culture texts (like TV and movies) and pounding it into one narrative. He says that mash-up videos are interesting when they use something that everyone is familiar with, so his choice to focus on pop culture. Unlike many other mash-up artists, he edits his videos in such a way that they do not appear as separate narratives, but more than one continuous story.
Cinema Cereal - Cinema Cereal is a YouTube channel that begins in 2011, with 200 video mashups by 2018. It condenses videos (for both comedic and dramatic effects) by cutting two thematic scenes-similar from two images different popular and put them together into one continuous scene.
Copyright issues
Mashup videos are increasingly popular online. When mashup makers overhaul two or more videos or music from different sources such as TV, movies, music, etc., they may not be aware of the copyright from the original source. Without the permission of the copyright owner, a mashup video artist may violate copyright law and be sued by a copyright infringement. If they break the law, their video will be forced to be removed on YouTube. YouTube may prohibit their account and is prohibited from sending anything online. In more serious cases, copyright owners reserve their right to sue mashup artists and they may have a maximum sentence of five years in prison and a large fine. This is an obstacle that prevents mashup artists from developing more video mashups. Original copyright laws were written in 1980 or even earlier and did not include possible copyright infringement in the digital age. Therefore, mashup and public artists suggest reforming copyright laws regarding remix culture and video mashups to give more freedom for mashup artists to make their work.
United States
In the United States, the Copyright Act of 1976 acts as the basis of copyright laws to protect the rights of original authors. It protects the author's original work. To some extent, this allows the artist to reproduce the work and make derivative works from the original work.
Fair use is the limitation and exceptions to copyright law. According to Hofhra Law Review, if mashup artists can prove that they use someone else's song or clip to criticize, comment, or teach, then mashup artists may be able to use copyrighted material without authorization. "
Courts in the United States balance four factors when considering fair use:
- Purpose and character of use (including: commercial nature, nonprofit educational goals)
- The nature of the copyrighted work
- The amount and substantiality of the portion used in connection with the copyrighted work as a whole
- Effect of use on potential market or copyrighted work value
In 2012, mashup video artist Jonathan McIntosh speaks before the United States Copyright Office to advocate for an exception to the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The final decision-making states exceptions to: "Motion pictures (including television and video shows), as defined in 17 USC 101, where circumvention is made solely for utilizing short sections of the film for criticism or comment purposes in limited instances."
United Kingdom
Starting from Wednesday 1 October 2014, the new EU law becomes effective in the UK. There is an amendment to the Copyright, Design and Patent Act 1988. It is now lawful for people to use "limited amounts" of copyrighted material in online video for "parody, caricature or pastiche" purposes without the consent of the copyright holder, only if their work is not convey discriminatory messages, or compete with the original. A judge will decide whether the video is funny enough to be classified as a parody and if it is against the law.
Although video mashups are now legal in practice, they do not affect YouTube's terms of service. The most famous example in England is Cassetteboy. Cassetteboy videos can be displayed on TV channels now but sometimes YouTube can remove their videos if they violate music copyright or clips in their videos.
See also
- Video editing
- Remix culture
- VJing
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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