College

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A college (Latin: collegium ) is an educational institution or part of a constituency. A college may be a tertiary institution that provides a degree, part of a college or federal university, or an institution that offers vocational education.

In the United States, "colleges" may refer to constituent sections of universities or higher education institutions that give titles, but generally "colleges" and "universities" are used interchangeably, while in Britain, Oceania, South Asia and South Africa, " colleges "may refer to secondary or high school, advanced education colleges, training institutions that provide trade qualifications, providers of higher education who do not have university status (often without the power of their own degree), or constituent parts of the university (See comparison of educational terminology English and American English for more information).

Video College

Etymology

In ancient Rome, the collegium was a club or community, a group of people living together under a common set of rules ( con - = "together" leg- = "law" or lego = "I vote" or "I read").

Aside from the context of modern education - currently the most common use of "colleges" - there are many other meanings also derived from the original Latin terms, such as Election colleges.

Maps College

Overview

Higher education

In higher education, this term can be used to refer to:

• constituent parts of a university college, eg King's College, Cambridge, or a federal university, eg King's College London
• institutes that provide specialized training, such as advanced education colleges, eg Belfast Metropolitan College, teacher training college, or art college.
• In the United States, college can be a synonym for universities, e.g. Dartmouth College, one of the eight universities in the Ivy League

Further education

A sixth college or college of advanced education is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Belize, Caribbean, Malta, Norway, Brunei, or South Africa, among others, where students aged 16 to 19 are usually studying for secondary-level qualifications, such as A-level, BTEC, HND or equivalent and International Baccalaalaureate Diploma, or school-level qualifications such as GCSE. In Singapore and India, this is known as junior college. The city government of Paris uses the phrase "college form sixth" as the English name for lycÃÆ'Â © e.

Intermediate education

In some national education systems, secondary schools may be called "colleges" or have "colleges" as part of their degree.

In Australia, the term "college" is applied to private or independent (non-government) primary schools and, in particular, different secondary schools of public schools. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The King's School, Parramatta are considered colleges.

There is also a new tendency to change the name or create a public high school as a "college". In the state of Victoria, some public secondary schools are referred to as secondary colleges, although the leading government secondary school for boys in Melbourne is still Melbourne High School. In Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, "colleges" are used in the name of all public secondary schools built since the late 1990s, as well as some older ones. In New South Wales, some secondary schools, especially multi-campus schools resulting from mergers, are known as "secondary colleges". In Queensland, some of the new schools that receive elementary and middle school students are given a college-state style, but public schools offering only secondary education are called "State Senior High School". In Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, "colleges" refer to the last two years of secondary school (years 11 and 12), and the institutions that provide this. In this context, "college" is a system independent of other secondary school years. Here, the phrase is a shortened version of matriculation college .

In some Canadian cities, many government-run secondary schools are called "colleges" or "college institutes" (C.I.), a complicated form of the word "college" that avoids the usual "post-secondary" connotation. This is because these secondary schools have traditionally focused on academics, rather than vocational, subject and level capabilities (eg, colleges offer Latin while vocational schools offer technical courses). Some private high schools (such as Upper Canada College, Vancouver College) chose to use the word "college" in their name. Some secondary schools elsewhere in the country, especially those in separate school systems, may also use the word "college" or "college" in their name.

In New Zealand the word "college" usually refers to secondary schools for ages 13 to 17 and "colleges" appear as part of the name, especially private or integrated schools. "Colleges" most often appear on the North Island, while "middle school" is more common in the South Island.

In South Africa, some secondary schools, especially private schools in the British public school model, have "colleges" in their titles. Thus no less than six Elite Seven high schools in South Africa call themselves "colleges" and according to this description. A typical example of this category is St. John's College.

Private schools that specialize in increasing the value of children through an intensive focus on the need for an informal examination are called "cram-colleges".

In Sri Lanka the word "college" (known as Vidyalaya in Sinhala ) usually refers to a secondary school, which usually means above the fifth standard. During the British colonial period a number of exclusive secondary schools were established based on the model of British public schools (Royal College Colombo, S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, Trinity College, Kandy) and several Catholic schools (St. Joseph's College, Colombo, St. Anthony's College ) traditionally carry their name as a college. After the commencement of free education in 1931 a large group of central colleges was established to educate rural communities. Since Sri Lanka gained Independence in 1948, many established schools have been named as "colleges".

More

Apart from being an educational institution, the term may also refer, following its etymology, to a formal group of colleagues established under law or regulation; often under Royal Charter. Examples are election college, College of Arms, Canadian college, and College of Cardinals. Other university bodies include professional associations, especially in medicine and related professions. In the UK this includes the Royal College of Nursing and the Royal College of Physicians. Examples in the United States include the American College of Physicians, the American College of Surgeons, and the American College of Dentists. An example in Australia is the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners.

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College by country

Australia

In Australia, a college can become a higher education institution smaller than a university, run independently or as part of a university. After the reforms of the 1980s many previously independent colleges now belonged to larger universities.

Referring to the section of the university, there are residential colleges that provide residences for students, both undergraduate and graduate, called college universities. These colleges often provide additional tutorial assistance, and some host theological studies. Many colleges have strong traditions and rituals, as well as a combination of dormitory accommodation and fraternal or cultural cultures.

Most of the technical and technical education institutions (TAFEs), which offer certificates and vocational diploma programs, are given the "TAFE college" or "TAFE College" style.

Some high schools are also referred to as colleges.

Canada

In Canada, the term "college" usually refers to a school of commerce, applied arts/science/technology/business/health school or college. It is a post-secondary institution that provides certificates, diplomas, associate degrees, and in some cases a bachelor's degree. In Quebec, this term is rarely used; French acronyms for public universities, CEGEP ( CollÃÆ'¨ge d'enseignement gÃÆ' Â © nal et etnelnel , "public and professional education colleges"), is the colloquial language of all college level institutions specific to Quebec education system, the steps required to go to university (unless one applies as an "adult" student, meaning 21 years or older, and out of education system for at least 2 years), or to learn trade. In Ontario and Alberta, there are also institutions designated by university colleges, as they only provide a bachelor's degree. This is to distinguish universities that have undergraduate and graduate programs and who do not. In contrast to usage in the United States, there is a strong distinction between "college" and "university" in Canada. In a conversation, someone will specifically say "They're going to university" (ie, studying for a three or four year university degree) or "They're going to college" (suggesting technical or career training or university transfer).

The Royal Military College of Canada, a university that earned a full degree, does not follow the naming conventions used by other countries, nor does the sister school of the Royal Military College Saint-Jean or the now closed Royal Roads Military College.

The term "college" also applies to different entities within a university (usually referred to as "federation college" or "affiliated college"), similar to a residential college in England. This college acts independently, but in affiliations or federations with universities that actually grant degrees. For example, Trinity College once became an independent institution, but later became a federation with the University of Toronto, and is now one of the colleges where he lives (though he remains a granting institution through his Divinity Faculty). In the case of Memorial University of Newfoundland, located at St. John's, the Corner Brook campus is called Sir Wilfred Grenfell College. Sometimes, "lectures" refers to the special faculty of subjects within the university who, although different, are not federated or affiliated - Higher Education, Medical College, Dental Higher Education , College of Biological Science among others.

There is also a university called the art college, which is empowered to provide academic degrees BFA, Bdes, MFA, Mdes and sometimes a collaborative PhD degree. Some of them have "universities" in their names (NSCAD University, OCAD University and Emily Carr University of Art and Design) and others do not. In some Canadian provinces, the word "college" can also be seen in the proper names of secondary schools, especially those with a history as private schools, but these institutions will not really be considered colleges in the more general sense of the term.

Online and distance education (E-learning) uses "college" in the name in the English sense, for example: Canada Capstone College.

One use of the term "college" in the American sense is by the Canadian Football League (CFL), which calls the annual draft entry Canadian College Draft. Draft is limited to qualified players under CFL rules as "non-import" - basically, players raised in Canada (see main CFL article for a more detailed definition). Since the title of the player as "non-import" is not affected by where he plays post-secondary soccer, the category includes former players in the US college football program ("university" in the Canadian sense) as well as CIS football programs at universities Canada.

Chile

In Chile, the term "college" is usually used on behalf of some bilingual schools, such as Santiago College, Saint George's College, etc.

Georgia

International Association of "Tourist and Tourist" Colleges. The international "tourist and travelers" association is a non-commercial, non-political and non-industrial organization, created to develop tourism in Georgia.

Greek

Kollegio (in Greek ????????) refers to the Post-Lyceum Education Center (in Greek ?????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? Some of them have relationships with higher education institutions or accreditation organizations of the European Union or the United States of America. , such as NEASC. Kollegio (or Kollegia plural) may also refer to non-tertiary private schools, such as the University of Athens.

Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the term 'college' is used by higher education institutions as part of their name or to refer to university constituent sections, such as the college at The Chinese University of Hong Kong university; or to university boarding halls, such as St. John's College, University of Hong Kong. Many older high schools have the term 'college' as part of their name.

India

The modern educational system was strongly influenced by the British beginning in 1835.

In India, the term "college" is usually reserved for institutions offering degrees in the 12th year (" Junior College , similar to the American high school ), and offering a bachelor's degree; some colleges, however, offer courses up to PhD level. Generally, universities are located in different parts of the country and all are affiliated with regional universities. Colleges offer courses that lead to the university's level. Colleges may be Autonomous or non-autonomous. Autonomous colleges are empowered to form their own syllabus, and conduct and assess their own examinations; in non-autonomous colleges, exams are conducted by the university, at the same time for all colleges under its affiliates. There are several hundred universities and each university has an affiliated college, often in large numbers.

The first liberal and scientific art in India was C. M. S. College Kottayam, Kerala, founded in 1817, and Presidency College, Kolkata, also 1817, originally known as Hindu College. The first college to study Christian theology and ecumenical inquiry was Serampore College (1818). The first missionary institution to instill Western-style education in India was Scottish Church College, Calcutta (1830). The first trade and economics lecture in India is Sydenham College, Mumbai (1913).

ireland

In Ireland, the term "college" is usually used to describe institutions of higher learning. University students often say they attend "lectures" rather than "universities". Until 1989, no university provided direct instruction or research; they are officially offered by university constituent universities.

There are a number of secondary education institutions that traditionally use the word "college" in their name: these are older private schools (such as Belvedere College, Gonzaga College and St. Michael's College) or formerly special high schools.. This secondary school, formerly known as a "technical college," was renamed "community college," but remained high school.

The only ancient university in the country is the University of Dublin. Created during the reign of Elizabeth I, she was modeled at colleges at Cambridge and Oxford colleges. However, only one constituent college has ever been established, then a suspicious position from Trinity College, Dublin today; Although both are usually considered one and the same, the University and the College are entirely different corporate entities with separate and parallel government structures.

Among the more modern foundations, the National University of Ireland, founded in 1908, comprised of recognized constituent and college universities until 1997. The first is now referred to as a constituent university - an institution that is essentially a university within their right own. The National University can trace its existence back to 1850 and the creation of Queen's University of Ireland and the creation of the Catholic University of Ireland in 1854. From 1880, the degree awarding of two universities was taken over by the Royal University of Ireland, remaining until the establishment of the National University in the year 1908 and Queen Belfast University.

Two new universities at Dublin City University and the University of Limerick were originally the National Institute for Higher Education Institutions. These institutions offer university-level academic and research degrees from the beginning of their existence and were granted university status in 1989 in recognition of this.

The third level technical education in the state has been conducted at the Institutes of Technology, established since 1970 as the Regional Technical School. These institutions have delegated authority granting them the right to grant degrees and diplomas from the Higher Education Award and Training Boards on their own behalf.

A number of Private Colleges exist such as DBS, providing graduate and postgraduate programs validated by HETAC and in some cases by other Universities.

Other types of colleges include the College of Education, such as the Church of Ireland College of Education. This is a specialist institution, often associated with universities, that provide undergraduate and postgraduate degrees for people who want to train as teachers.

A number of state-funded educational colleges exist - offering vocational education and training in various fields of business studies, I.C.T for sports injury therapy. These courses are usually 1, 2 or less often 3 three years in duration and validated by FETAC at level 5 or 6 or for BTEC Higher National Diploma award - validated by Edexcel which is the 6/7 level of qualification. There are many private colleges (especially in Dublin and Limerick) that offer advanced and higher education qualifications. These degrees and diplomas are often certified by foreign universities/international award agencies and are aligned with the National Qualification Framework at levels 6, 7 and 8.

Israel

In Israel, any non-university higher education facility is called a college. The institution accredited by the Council of Higher Education in Israel (CHE) to grant a bachelor's degree is called "College Academy." This college (at least 4 for 2012) may also offer a master's degree and act as a Research Facility. There are also more than twenty teacher training colleges or seminaries, most of whom may only provide a Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.).

• Academic academy: Any educational facility that has been approved to offer at least a bachelor's degree is entitled by CHE to use the term college of college in its name.
• Engineering college academies: Each academic facility offers at least a bachelor's degree and most faculty provide Engineering degrees and Technical licensing.
• Academy of academic education: Once an approved education facility for "Master Seminar" status is then approved to provide a Bachelor of Education, its name is changed to include "Academy of Academic Education."
• Technical colleges: "Technical colleges" are approved educational facilities to enable graduate degrees and 13th grade (diploma and diploma) licenses (grade 13'th).
• Training College: A "Training College" is an educational facility that provides basic training that allows a person to receive work permits in areas such as alternative medicine, cooking, Arts, Mechanical, Electrical and other professions. A trainee may receive the right to work in a particular profession as an apprentice (mechanics, electrician etc.). After working in the field of training long enough, an apprentice can have a license to operate (Mechanical, Electrician). These educational facilities are mostly used to provide basic training for low-tech jobs and for job seekers without training provided by the State Employment Service (?????????).

Macau

Following the use of Portuguese, the term "college" ( colÃÆ' Â © gio ) in Macau has traditionally been used in the name of pre-university private (and non-governmental) educational institutions, six level levels. Such schools are usually run by the Roman Catholic church or missionaries in Macau. Examples include Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Help College, Yuet Wah College, and Sacred Heart Canossian College.

New Zealand

Constituent colleges from former University of New Zealand (such as Canterbury University College) have become independent universities. Some residential dormitories associated with New Zealand universities maintain the name of "college", especially at Otago University (which, although brought under the umbrella of the University of New Zealand, already has university status and degree conferment). Institutions formerly known as "Teacher-training academies" are now organizing themselves "Education colleges".

Some universities, such as the University of Canterbury, have divided their universities into administrative constituencies of "Colleges" - the College of Arts which contains departments that teach Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, the College of Science containing the Science department, and so on. This is largely modeled on the Cambridge model, discussed above.

Like the UK, some professional bodies in New Zealand organize themselves as "colleges", for example, the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons, the Royal Australasia Doctor College.

Middle schools are often referred to as colleges and these terms are used interchangeably with secondary schools. This is reflected in the names of many secondary schools such as Rangitoto College, New Zealand's largest secondary.

Philippines

In the Philippines, universities usually refer to academic institutions that provide degrees but their scholastic fields are not as diverse as universities (University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, Far East University, and AMA University), such as San Beda College specializing in law, AMA Computer College whose campus is spread across the Philippines specializing in information and computing technology, and MapÃÆ'ºa Institute of Technology specializing in engineering, or for component units within universities that do not provide degrees but rather facilitate specific field instruction , such as the College of Science and the College of Engineering, among many other universities of the University of the Philippines.

A state college may not have the word "college" in its name, but may have some college component, or department. Thus, Eulogio Institute of Science and Technology Amang Rodriguez is a state-based college by classification.

Typically, the term "college" is also considered a hierarchical demarcation between the terms "university", and quite a number of universities seek to be recognized as universities as a mark of improvement in academic standards (Colegio de San Juan de Letran, San Beda College), and increasing diversity degree programs offered (called "courses"). For private colleges, this can be done through surveys and evaluations by the Higher Education Commission and accreditation organizations, as does Urios College which is now Fr. University of Saturnino Urios. For state universities, it is usually done by law by Congress or the Senate. In general use, "college" simply means attending a college degree, whether it's from a recognized institution as a college or university.

When it comes to reference to the level of education, college is a term more used to be synonymous with higher education or tertiary. A student who has or has studied a bachelor's degree in one institution with a college or university in his or her name is considered to be away or has gone to college.

Portugal

Currently in Portugal, the term colony is usually used as a general reference for private (non-government) schools that provide primary to secondary education. Many private schools include the term colÃÆ' Â © gio in their name. Some special public schools - usually of the pesantren type - also include terms in their names, with the famous example being ColÃÆ' Â © gio Militar (Military Academy). The term colÃÆ' Â © gio interno (literally "internal college") is used specifically as a general reference for boarding schools.

Until the nineteenth century, a colony was usually a secondary or pre-university school, which was general or religious, where students usually lived together. A model for this college is the Royal College of Arts and Humanities, founded in Coimbra by King John III of Portugal in 1542.

Singapore

The term "college" in Singapore is generally only used for pre-university educational institutions called "Junior Colleges", which provide the last two years of secondary education (equivalent to the sixth form in English or 11-12 terms in the American system). Since January 1, 2005, the term also refers to three campuses of the Institute of Technical Education with the introduction of a "college system", where the three institutions are called ITE College East, ITE College Central, and ITE College West.

The term "university" is used to describe institutions of higher education that offer locally awarded degrees. Institutions offering diplomas are called "polytechnics", while other institutions are often referred to as "institutes" and so on.

South Africa

Although the term "college" is hardly used in any context at any university in South Africa, some non-university tertiary institutions call themselves colleges. These include teacher training colleges, business colleges and wildlife management colleges. View: List of universities in South Africa # Private colleges and universities; List of post secondary institutions in South Africa.

Sri Lanka

There are several professional and vocational institutions that offer post-secondary education without giving a degree called "college". These include Sri Lanka Law College, many High School of Engineering and Teaching High School.

United Kingdom

Secondary education and further education

Higher education (FE) colleges and sixth form colleges are institutions that provide further education to students over 16. Some of them also provide higher education programs (see below). In the context of secondary education, 'colleges' are used in the name of some private schools, for example Eton College and Winchester College.

Higher education

In higher education, a college is usually a provider that does not have university status, although it may also refer to the constituent parts of university colleges or universities or grouping of faculty or academic departments within the university. Traditionally the difference between colleges and universities is that colleges do not grant degrees when universities do it, but this is no longer the case with NCGs who have earned degrees taught the empowerment (same as some universities) on behalf of the college, and many of the colleges of the University of London holds the power of full degree degrees and become an effective university. Most colleges, however, do not have the power of granting their own degrees and continue to offer higher education programs validated by universities or other institutions that can grant degrees.

In the UK, in August 2016, more than 60% of higher education providers are funded directly by HEFCE (208/340) are the sixth or more higher education institutions, often called higher and higher education colleges, along with 17 colleges from the University of London, one university college, 100 universities, and 14 other providers (six of whom use 'colleges' on their behalf). Overall, this means that more than two-thirds of the state-supported higher education providers in the UK are colleges of one form or another. Many private providers are also called colleges, eg. New College of Humanities and St. Patrick's College, London.

Colleges within universities differ greatly in their responsibilities. The large constituent university of the University of London is effectively a stand-alone university; universities in some universities, including the University of the Arts London and smaller colleges of the University of London, run their own degree programs but do not give degrees; they at the University of Roehampton provide pastoral accommodation and care and deliver instruction in university programs; they at Oxford and Cambridge delivered some teaching on the university program as well as providing pastoral accommodation and services; and those in Durham, Kent, Lancaster and York provide pastoral accommodation and care but usually do not participate in formal teaching. The legal status of this college also varies greatly, with the University of London college being an independent company and a recognized body, the Oxbridge college, the college of the University of the Highlands and the Islands (UHI) and several Durham colleges being independent companies and registered entities, most Durham colleges are owned by universities but are still registered bodies, and people from other college colleges do not have formal recognition. When applying for a degree program through UCAS, University of London colleges are treated as independent providers, colleges from Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and UHI are treated as locations within universities that can be selected by specifying 'campus codes' in addition to choosing universities, and colleges from other universities are not recognized.

UHI and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) both include further education colleges. However, while UHI colleges integrate the provision of FE and HE, UWTSD maintains a separation between university campuses (Lampeter, Carmarthen and Swansea) and two colleges ( Coleg Sir GÃÆ'Â ¢ r and Coleg Ceredigion ; nb coleg is Welsh for college), which although some of the same group are treated as separate institutions rather than universities at the university.

The university college is an independent institution with the power to grant a taught degree, but has not gained university status. University College is a protected title that can only be used with permission, although it is noted that University College London, University College, Oxford and University College, Durham are colleges within their respective universities and not university colleges (in case UCL holds a degree full of power grants that set them up over university universities), while University College Birmingham is a university in its own right and also not a university college.

United States

In the United States, there are more than 7021 colleges and universities. A "college" in the US formally demonstrates a constituent part of a university, but in popular use, the word "college" is a generic term for any post-graduate education. Americans "go to college" after high school, regardless of whether the institution is officially a college or university. Some students choose to register double, by taking college classes while still in high school. The word and its derivatives are standard terms used to describe the institutions and experiences associated with post-graduate American education.

Students must pay tuition before taking classes. Some borrow money through loans, and some students fund their education with cash, scholarships, or grants, or a combination of two or more of these payment methods. In 2011, state or federal governments subsidize $ 8,000 to $ 100,000 for each degree. For state-owned schools (called "public" universities), subsidies are given to colleges, with students benefiting from lower tuition fees. The state subsidizes an average of 50% of university tuition fees.

Colleges vary in size, degree, and length of stay. Two-year colleges, also known as junior or community colleges, usually offer associate titles, and four-year colleges usually offer a bachelor's degree. Often, these are entirely undergraduate institutions, although some have a graduate school program.

The four-year institution in the US that emphasizes the liberal arts curriculum is known as the liberal arts college. Until the 20th century, liberal arts, law, medicine, theology, and divinity were about the only form of higher education available in the United States. These schools traditionally emphasize instruction at the undergraduate level, although further research may still occur in these institutions.

Although there is no national standard in the United States, the term "university" primarily refers to institutions that provide undergraduate and postgraduate education. A university usually has its core and the largest internal division of a college that teaches a liberal arts curriculum, which also culminates in a bachelor's degree. What often distinguishes a university is having, in addition, one or more graduate schools engaged in teaching both the graduate classes and in research. Often these are called Law Schools or Schools of Medicine, (but can also be called law colleges, or law faculties). The exception is Vincennes University, Indiana, which is laid out and hired as a "university" even though almost all of its academic programs only produce a two-year association degree. Some institutions, such as Dartmouth College and The College of William & amp; Mary, has defended the term "college" in their name for historical reasons. In one unique case, Boston College and Boston University, both located in Boston, Massachusetts, are a completely separate institution.

The use of the term varies between states. In 1996 for example, Georgia changed all four institutions that had previously been designated as colleges to universities, and all vocational technology schools to technical colleges.

The terms "university" and "college" do not exhaust all possible degrees for American higher education institutions. Other options include the "Polytechnic" (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), the "Institute of Technology", the "academy" (United States Military Academy), "union" (Cooper Union), "conservatory" (New England Conservatory) and "school" (Juilliard School). In everyday use, they are still referred to as "colleges" when referring to their undergraduate studies.

The term college is also, as in Great Britain, used for semi-autonomous constituent parts of the larger university but is generally held on an academic track rather than a settlement. For example, in many institutions, the undergraduate section of the university may be briefly referred to as a college (such as The College of University of Chicago, Harvard College at Harvard, or Columbia College in Columbia) while others, such as the University of California, Berkeley, each faculty can be called a "college" ("technical college", "nursing school", and so on). There are other variants for historical reasons; for example, Duke University, called Trinity College until the 1920s, still refers to the major subgroup of Trinity College of Arts and Sciences.

Housing college

Some American universities, such as Princeton, Rice, and Yale have established residential colleges (sometimes, as at Harvard, the first to build such systems in the 1930s, known as homes) along the lines of Oxford or Cambridge. Unlike the Oxbridge colleges, but similar to Durham, these residential colleges are not autonomous legal entities or they are usually heavily involved in education itself, especially with regard to space, councils, and social life. However, at the University of Michigan, the University of California, San Diego, and the University of California, Santa Cruz, each residential college does indeed teach its own core writing course and has typical graduation requirements.

Many US universities have placed an increasing emphasis on their college residence in recent years. This is exemplified by the creation of new colleges in Ivy League schools such as Yale University and Princeton University, and efforts to strengthen contributions from residential colleges to student education, including through the 2016 task force at Princeton at residential colleges.

The origin of US usage

The founders of the first higher education institution in the United States are graduates of Oxford University and Cambridge University. The small institutions they founded will not look to them like a university - they are small and offer no higher degrees in medicine and theology. In addition, they do not consist of several small colleges. Instead, the new institutions feel like the Oxford and Cambridge colleges they used to use - small communities, housing and feeding their students, with instructions from residential tutors (as in England, described above). When the first students graduate, this "college" assumes the right to grant degrees to them, usually with authority - for example, College of William & amp; Mary has a Royal Charter from the British monarchy that enables her to grant degrees while Dartmouth College has a charter that enables her to grant a degree "as usually given at one of the universities, or other colleges in the United Kingdom."

The leaders of Harvard College (who gave the first degree in America in 1642) may have thought of their campus as the first of many residential colleges to grow into New Cambridge universities. However, over time, several new colleges were established there, and Harvard grew and added a higher faculty. Finally, it changed the title to the university, but the term "college" has stalled and "college" has appeared throughout the United States.

In US usage, the word "college" embodies not only certain types of schools, but has historically been used to refer to the general concept of higher education when it is not necessary to specify schools, such as "go to college" or "college savings account" offered by bank.

In a survey of more than 2,000 students in 33 states and 156 different campuses, the US General Interest Research Group found the average student spends as much as $ 1,200 per year just for textbooks and supplies. In comparison, the group says it's equivalent to 39 percent of tuition and college tuition, and 14 percent of tuition and tuition at a four-year state university.

Morrill Land-Grant Act

In addition to private colleges and universities, the US also has a government-funded state university system. Many were founded under the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862. A movement has emerged to bring a more practical form of higher education to the masses, such as "... many politicians and educators want to make it possible for all young Americans to receive some kind of advanced education. "The Morrill Act"... allows for new western countries to establish colleges for citizens. " The aim is to make higher education more accessible to citizens, in particular to improve the agricultural system by providing training and scholarships in the production and sale of agricultural products, and to provide formal education in "agriculture, home economics, mechanical arts, and another profession that seemed practical at the time. "

The action was eventually extended to allow all states to remain with the Union during the American Civil War, and finally all countries, to establish such institutions. Most of the colleges established under the Morrill Act have since become full universities, and some among the world's elite.

Benefits of college

The four-year college election is compared to two-year junior colleges, even by marginal students such as those having an average C in secondary school and a SAT score in the mid 800, increasing the probability of graduation and conferring substantial economics and social benefits.

Zimbabwe

The term college is mainly used by private or independent high schools with Advanced Level (6th Format Maker) as well as Polytechnic Universities which only provide diplomas. A student can complete a secondary education (International General Certificate of Secondary Education, IGCSE) at 16 years and proceed directly to a poly-technical college or they can continue to advanced level (16 to 19 years) and obtain a General Education Certificate (GCE) certificates that allow them to enroll in the University, provided they have good grades. Or, with a lower grade, holders of GCE certificates will have an added advantage over their GCSE counterparts if they choose to enroll in a Poly-technical College. Several schools in Zimbabwe chose to offer the International Baccalaureate study as an alternative to IGCSE and GCE.

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See also

• Madrasah

References

Source of the article : Wikipedia