Gallaudet University is a federal private university hired for deaf and deaf education. Located in Washington, D.C. on a 99 acre campus (0.40 km 2 ).
Founded in 1864, Gallaudet University was originally a grammatical school for deaf and deaf children. This is the first school for further education for deaf and hearing in the world and remains the only institution of higher education in which all programs and services are specifically designed to accommodate the deaf and hard of hearing students. Hear students are admitted to graduate school and a small number are also accepted as undergraduate students each year. The university is named after Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, an important figure in the progress of deaf education.
Gallaudet University is officially bilingual, with American Sign Language (ASL) and English used for teaching and by community colleges. Although there is no special ASL proficiency requirement for undergraduate admissions, many postgraduate programs require different levels of language knowledge as a prerequisite.
Video Gallaudet University
History
A summary of the timeline
In 1856, philanthropist and former US post-Gen. General Amos Kendall became aware of some deaf and blind children in Washington, D.C., who did not receive proper care. Kendall has a court declaring children to be his ward and donating 2 hectares (8,100 m 2 ) of his land to build housing and school for them. Edward Miner Gallaudet is the first supervisor of the new school. Later, John Carlin suggested putting Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet's monument with Alice Cogswell.
In 1857, the 34th Congress passed HR 806, which chartered grammar schools as the Columbia Institution for Deaf and Blind Instruction and Blind and funded school fees for deaf, dumb, or children blind district of Columbia. Seven years later, in 1864, the 38th Congress authorized the institution to grant and confirm a degree. The college department is known as the National Deaf-Mute College . The following year, in 1865, the 38th Congress abolished instructions that the agency was to educate the blind, and named it the Columbia Institute for Deaf and Mute Instruction.
In 1954, Congress changed the charter of the institution, renaming the company to Gallaudet College , which has become the official name of the college department since 1894.
During his 17 years as Dean of Higher Education in the 1950s and 1960s, George Ernst Detmold was an important figure in helping colleges achieve accreditation. He also led universities in developing new departments, especially dramas. He directed the production of Gallaudet theater, which eventually led to the start of the Deaf National Theater.
In 1986, Congress once again changed the Institution charter, renaming it Gallaudet University .
Initial history (1859-1880)
The school was founded in 1857 with various efforts undertaken by some concerned citizens in Washington, D.C. Two houses are used, one is bought and one is rented. On November 1, 1858, the First Annual Report was submitted to the Secretary of State.
During the second year of full-time school (1858-1859), 14 deaf students and 7 students with visual impairment were present. Superintendent Gallaudet, anticipating the future growth of the school, asked for more money for the building, lamenting the fact that the money was not issued in the previous year, due to the federal budget issue. The Second Annual Report was submitted on 5 November 1859.
During the third academic year (1859-1860), Kendall appealed to the federal government for funds to relocate the school to wider land. Gallaudet praised Kendall for donating the money needed to build a new brick building; However, both school buildings are already in capacity. There are 24 deaf students, who need deaf two teachers. Teachers from 6 blind students resigned due to health problems.
In the academic year 1860-61, the Civil War has lasted for more than six months. Gallaudet reports that the students are safe and free from fear. There are 35 deaf and blind students present during the academic year. An art teacher was hired for the first time.
During 1861-62, new money provided for industrial education was used to rent nearby stores to teach cabinet-making to male students. Plans are being made to construct a new building using $ 9,000 that Congress goes to school. There are 35 deaf and 6 students with visual impairment. During the holidays in August the troop regiment used a brick building for the hospital, and some students who stayed during the summer helped take care of the sick soldiers. One soldier was killed. For the first time, Gallaudet proposed expanding schools to create a college for deaf students.
Even with new construction completed for the academic year 1862-1863, schools are still in capacity and more money is needed to buy 13 acres (53,000 m 2 ) adjacent ground and then build more buildings.. Gallaudet asks for money to drain water from the river, as wells and wells are not sufficient for school needs.
College-level classes were offered for the first time during the academic year 1863-64. Congress granted approval for Columbia to grant a bachelor's degree, and possible actions for the lecture were endorsed and approved by President Lincoln. An elaborate inauguration ceremony was held in June with Laurent Clerc in attendance. Fourteen hectares of land were purchased with money supplied by the government. Gallaudet was promoted to the position of institute president. He continues to encourage funds for expansion and new buildings. Gallaudet also proposed to stop services for blind students, saying that a small number of blind students would be better served at school for the blind in Baltimore.
Enrollment rates increased rapidly during the academic year 1864-65. Gallaudet asked the government for money to complete several projects, including the construction of ice houses and gas houses, sewers, and more. The main construction continues on campus. The name of the college department was changed to "National Deaf-Mute College". Blind students were transferred to school in Baltimore.
During the academic year 1865-66, Gallaudet responded to criticism from supporters of the oral method in Massachusetts, saying that oral instructions are usually of little value for congenital deaf children. Gallaudet proposed that school representatives be sent to Europe to study the methods used there, to determine the types of learning methods that could be added to the methods that had been used successfully at the Columbia Institution and other American schools. The combined enrollment of all levels of instruction, including the college level, exceeds 100 for the first time during this year. There are 25 students enrolled in college, including students from 14 states from all parts of the Union. Edward Allen Fay joined the faculty as a history professor, after learning to register as a child.
In the academic year 1866-67, the building for elementary school was extended and the disease was reduced. A professor of mathematics was hired for the first time. More money is needed to accommodate additional students who are expected to swell the ranks of the school.
Gallaudet gives a long explanation of his travels to Europe and is very critical about the extent to which speeches are taught to deaf children in European schools for the deaf. Nevertheless, he recommends that speaking in a limited number of courses will be given to deaf students in America to those who show that they can benefit. His journey took him to: Doncaster, England; Birmingham, England; Manchester, England; Liverpool, England; Glasgow, Scotland; Belfast, Ireland (Belfast, Northern Ireland); Dublin, Ireland; Geneva, Switzerland; Nancy, France, Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort, France; Vienna, Austria; Leipsic, Saxony (Leipzig, Germany); Lubec (LÃÆ'¼beck, Germany); Frankfort On-the-Main (Frankfurt, Germany); Brussels, Belgium; Zurich, Switzerland; Rotterdam, Netherlands; Paris, France; Weissenfels, Prussia (WeiÃÆ'Ÿenfels, Germany); Prague, Bohemia; (Prague, Czech Republic); Berlin, Prussia (Berlin, Germany); Milan, Italy; Genoa, Italy; Turin, Italy; Dresden, Saxony (Dresden, Germany); London, England; Edinburgh, Scotland; Bordeaux, France; Marseilles, France; Munich, Bavaria (Munich, Germany); Bruges, Belgium; St. Petersburg, Russia; ÃÆ'... bo, Finland (Turku, Finland); Stockholm, Sweden; and Copenhagen, Denmark.
The largest educational conference in the history of deaf education held during May 1868 in Washington, D.C., consisted largely of the headmaster for deaf. Fourteen schools for deaf are represented from 22 different countries. The main topic of discussion is the recommendation proposed by Edward Gallaudet regarding adding articulation lessons to the school curriculum.
In 1868-69, the first students completed college full-time, all graduating with a bachelor's degree.
The founder of the school, Amos Kendall, died in November 1869. Gallaudet delivered a speech at a board meeting in January 1870. The main main building was partly finished, with the first room in the basement and first floor being used. Plans are being made to purchase Amos Kendall's land, which brings together school land. Gallaudet warns Congress that Kendall's heirs have plans to divide the property if it is not sold to Columbia, and therefore the land will never be available for purchase as a whole.
In 1881, Laura Sheridan, a hearing lady, asked about the woman receiving the Gallaudet University. She was told that deaf women could not get into the institution. In 1887 Gallaudet agreed to allow women to apply with the intent that women would not stay. Temporary living arrangements are made and the campus remains co-educated.
Deaf Presidents Now (1988)
The student strike at Gallaudet University began on March 6, 1988, revolutionizing deafness and education of deaf culture. Deaf students are angry at the election of another trial president, Elisabeth Zinser; the university has never chosen a deaf person for this position. Alumni, faculty, staff, and students demand that the next university president be deaf. After a week of protests and activism, Zinser resigned and was replaced by I. King Jordan. This movement is known as Deaf Present Now (DPN).
Unity for the Gallaudet Movement (2006)
Jordan announced his resignation in September 2005. On May 1, 2006, the University Board of Supervisors announced that Jane Fernandes, the current University rector, would be the next University president. It meets with protests from student institutions, either directly on campus or on blogs and internet forums.
Initially, students mentioned the lack of racial diversity among the finalists, the lack of warmth of Fernandes, and the lack of fluency in American Sign Language.
Jordan openly accused some critics of rejecting Fernandes because "he is not quite deaf." He described the protest as "identity politics", saying, "We quarreled about what it means to be deaf."
The Washington Post reported that Fernandes "wants to see institutions becoming more inclusive of people who may not be raised with sign language," states that Gallaudet should embrace "all kinds of deaf people." Those who oppose it say they fear "the weakening of American Sign Language at an institution that should be the standard bearer."
The protesters said Fernandes twisted their arguments and that the protest centered on his inability to lead, an unjust selection process and a long-standing problem at school.
In the spring of 2006 protests, students blocked the entrance to the Gallaudet campus, held rallies, and set up tents near the University's main entrance. Fernandes, appointed to serve as president-pointing until Jordan retires, says that he will not retreat. On May 8, the faculty gave a no-confidence vote for Fernandes.
As the autumn of the academic year of 2006 resumes, some students, faculty, staff and alumni continue their protests, calling for Fernandes to resign and to seek the president again. On October 11, a group of protesting students closed the campus. On October 16 at regularly scheduled meetings, faculty members voted 138 to 24 to block Fernandes from becoming president of Gallaudet University.
Fernandes said, "I really do not understand so I have to believe it's not about me... I believe it's about evolution and change and growth in deaf communities."
On October 29, the university withdrew the appointment of Fernandes. In an opinion in The Washington Post, Jordan defended Fernandes's statement and denounced the council's decision and the protesters' actions, saying, "I believe that the council made a serious mistake in accessing the demands of the protesters by ending Fernandes presidency before started. "
On December 10, 2006, the Supervisory Board announced that Robert Davila would serve as a temporary president for a period of up to two years. She was officially installed on May 9, 2007, during a ceremony that included a speech by D.C. Congressional delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, who spoke positively of the 2006 protests. She resigned on December 31, 2009.
On June 29, 2007, after the controversy over the university presidency, Gallaudet was temporarily placed on probation by his accrediting organization, the Higher Education Commission of the High School and High Schools of America. It also reported that in 2006 the Office of Management and Budget had found that "Gallaudet failed to achieve its objectives or showed a decline in performance in key areas, including the number of students who lived in school, graduated and pursued a college degree or found work after graduation." In January 2007 , former president Jordan wrote an editorial on topics that appeared in the Washington Post. The Central State Commission then reaffirmed Gallaudet accreditation on June 27, 2008.
On October 18, 2009, the Supervisory Board announced that Gallaudet's tenth president was T. Alan Hurwitz. He started his term on January 1, 2010 and served until he retired on December 31, 2015, replacing Roberta Cordano, the eleventh president.
Maps Gallaudet University
Congressional congress
The university acknowledges that it "is a joint venture created by a company that serves the purpose of government." The University and the Department of Education explain that Gallaudet has been drafted by the Federal Government to take the form of "formal, private, nonprofit educational institutions." The federal government plays various roles in institutions:
- The Congress incorporated the Columbia Institute in 1857, significantly altering its charter in 1954, and authorizing the permanent congress. In 1986, Congress passed the Education of Deaf Law and amended it in 1992. This Congressional act is part of "the highest law of Gallaudet University."
- Gallaudet must obtain authorization from the Secretary of the US Department of Education to sell or transfer any of his proprietary rights.
- The diploma of all Gallaudet graduates is signed by the current US President, who is from US President Grant who signed a student certificate in 1872.
- Three members of Congress are appointed to the University Board of Trustees as "General Members."
- Gallaudet must provide an annual report to the Secretary of Education.
- "Gallaudet receives most of his income in the form of an annual appropriation from Congress, and the Department of Education oversees the University's grabs for the Federal government."
- Gallaudet University (and National Technical Institute for the Deaf) is authorized to make purchases through the Public Service Administration.
The Fifty-Fifthy-Gallaudet Annual Report contains an attachment that includes text 99 of the Federal Law related to Gallaudet/Columbia which was enforced between 1857 and 1912.
President's Visit
- President Ulysses S. Grant, 1870 and 1871.
- President Rutherford B. Hayes, 1877, 1878, 1879, and 1880.
- President James A. Garfield, 1881.
- President of Chester A. Arthur, 1882.
- President Grover Cleveland, 1885.
- President Benjamin Harrison, 1889 (Two visits, May 1889 and June 1889).
- President Theodore Roosevelt, 1906.
- President Lyndon Baines Johnson, 1964 and 1966.
- President Bill Clinton, 1994.
Note: President John F. Kennedy had planned to attend the hundredth anniversary at Gallaudet in 1964, but was murdered.
Academics
Several courses and courses are offered at Gallaudet University. The five most popular majors are business, visual and performing arts, communication studies, physical education, and psychology. Gallaudet University offers thirty graduate programs in ten departments as well as on-line on-line and on-campus education courses. More than 90 percent of the classes offered at Gallaudet University contain fewer than 20 students. The retention rate of university students is relatively low, at 72 percent, and the four-year graduation rate is also low, at 16 percent.
Campus
Historical determination
The Gallaudet campus, consisting of the Gallaudet College Historical District, has been designated as a historic place in several registrars and surveys:
- Gallaudet College Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.
- District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites (listings added in 1964 and 1973).
- Historic National Historic Landmarks (added 1965).
- American Historical Buildings Survey (added 1933).
SD and SMA on site
The campus is divided by Kendall Demonstration Elementary School, a school that serves deaf and deaf students from birth to 8th grade, and a Model High School for Deaf, high school and residential for deaf and hard of hearing students.
Redevelopment of campus (2015-2024)
In October 2014, the board of Gallaudet University announced the construction of a 10-year, $ 450 million campus along the 6th Street NE. The development, which includes both the campus property as well as the college's residential and residential properties across the street, will be supervised by JBG Smith.
Athletics
Gallaudet is a member of the NCAA Division III and the North Eastern Athletic Conference. The teams playing in the North Eastern Athletic Conference are the men's and women's basketball teams, cross-country, soccer teams, along with baseball, softball, and volleyball teams. However, the Gallaudet football team plays at the Eastern Collegiate Soccer Conference. In addition to the football team, which plays at different conferences from most sports at Gallaudet, male and female swimming teams, as well as male and female athletic teams, compete as independent. Bison competes in baseball, basketball, cross-country running, soccer, indoor and outdoor tracks, soccer, softball, swimming, tennis, volleyball and wrestling. Their colors are buffalo and blue, chosen after Union Union uniforms in the Civil War.
Female Women's basket
Gallaudet's women's basketball made its biggest splash in 1999, with a group of players from the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf among those in charge. Ronda Jo Miller, the greatest women's basketball player in program history, is three-time Election of the All-America Division III, as well as one of the top women's volleyball players.
Under the leadership of coach Kitty Baldridge, Miller, Touria Ouahid, Ronda Johnson and Jenny Cooper led Bison to the NCAA Tournament for the second time in three seasons. Receiving one of the lowest seeds as a big team into the field of NCAA Tournament Division III, which only amounted to 48 teams, Bison traveled to St. Petersburg. Mary's College (Md.), The School that just beat them in the Capital Athletic Tournament conference, and came up with an 80-73 win. In the second half, Gallaudet faced a team from The College of New Jersey who had received a first-round bye and was well-liked, but Miller poured in 38 points, using impressive shots. Bison advanced to the Sweet 16 round of the 1999 tournament before falling to Salem State College (Mass.) Host school.
Miller finished with 2,656 points, 1,545 rebounds and 373 blocked shots, and was called "one of the best basketball players in the history of the Third Division" by the NCAA.
Kevin Cook trained the team briefly for success. The team has not won a conference match in five years and even lost a game of 75 points in Cook's first year in charge. Cook's perseverance about the defense and discipline of changing the program. Gallaudet started the 2010-11 season with 20 consecutive wins and finished the season 24-4 (20-2 in the press conference). Cook was named North Eastern of the Year's Athletic Conference Coach, and Faafiti Paskah senior was selected as the NEAC Player of the Year. The 2010-11 season ended in the first round of the NCAA Division III Championship with a defeat to Juniata.
After the victory over Penn State-Berks in the 2010-11 season, Penn State guard Corin Bishop "says that he views the Gallaudet team as a great basketball team, not a deaf-deaf team." Hayes of Gallaudet then said, "I feel like there are people who think of us as deaf, I'm just like everyone else who plays basketball". In an interview with Lydia Lum of Various, he said, "Because of us, there is a growing awareness that there is a difference between deaf people, but we are all alike."
Football
The football crowd comes from Gallaudet when the team sees that their opponents are trying to see and read their signs to try to guess their game.
After an unbeaten season in 2005, achieved after 122 years, head coach Ed Hottle started his campaign to return Gallaudet to the NCAA rank. With support from the Gallaudet government, Bison played their club's last football season in 2006 and played the full NCAA eight games in 2007.
After the 2009 football season, Coach Hottle went on to become the first head coach of the first soccer team at Stevenson University. He announced his decision in a fun meeting with the football team. Offensive Coordinator Chuck Goldstein tapped into the head coach while the football team. On December 17, 2009, the temporary tag was removed and he is now the permanent team head coach.
Gallaudet University's soccer team has long-term competition with Catholic University of America, another school in Washington D.C. On September 7, 2012, Gallaudet University defeated Catholic University of America for the first time in the 106-year history of competition between two D.C schools.
In the fall of 2013, the Gallaudet football program embarked on an incredible journey for the Third Division playoff and garnered a large amount of publicity, winning the regular season with a 9-1 record, before falling to Hobart College in the first round of the playoffs and ending the season with an overall record of 9 -2 (.818).
Recording athlete
Famous athletes who have attended universities include:
- Richard Jacobs, a member of the national team of the US handball team, with several international games to his credit; is one of the last cuts with the US Olympic team squad
- Dawn Birley, who qualified for the Olympics, won several Canadian national Taekwondo championships; he did not make it to the Olympics just because taekwondo was not considered a medal sport at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
- Denny Guinn, also another Canadian, is the nation's highest-rated Water Pistol gunner; while representing Gallaudet at the Shooting National Collegiate championship, finished # 1 in the country, despite having to practice in various shootings, off campus due to security issues
- Marvin Marshall won the National Gold Championship of Washington, DC and took part in the national Golden Gloves championship; has more than 500 amateur attacks in his fist career
- Gillian Hall is a Connecticut state sync swimmer.
- Tony Tatum, the All-American Cornerback from 2009-2012, became the first soccer player at Gallaudet University to play professionally. Signed to AFL's Utah Blaze and posted 3 interception, one back for touchdown. Currently signed to Cleveland Gladiators.
Greek Life
The Greek community campus is relatively small with only 4 fraternities and 4 associations. The four fraternities are Kappa Gamma, Alpha Sigma Pi, Kappa Sigma, and Delta Sigma Phi. The four female students are Delta Epsilon, Phi Kappa Zeta, Alpha Sigma Theta, and Delta Zeta.
Research
The Gallaudet Office of Research Support and International Affairs (RSIA) (formerly Gallaudet Research Institute or GRI) is internationally recognized for its leadership in deaf-related research. RSIA researchers collected and analyzed data on social, academic, and perceptual characteristics of the deaf and hard of hearing population, primarily to provide information needed by educators in the field. Staff are skilled in a variety of research methodologies including surveys, norming and assessment tests, ethnographic studies, clinical studies, and information management. In 2016, RSIA began hosting the Gallaudet Research Expo , to provide students, faculty, and staff "an opportunity to share ideas and demonstrate scientific pursuits and achievements." Presentation represents "education, linguistics, STM, neuroscience, interpretation and translation, computer science, audiology, psychology, deaf studies, and other fields that reflect Gallaudet's research priorities." The third RExpo Gallaudet will be held in October 2018.
Gallaudet University Press publishes two academic journals, American Annals of the Deaf (est. 1847) and Sign Language Studies (est. 1972). The Annals is "the oldest and most widely read English-language journal dealing with deafness and deaf education."
The Psychology Department chapter Psi Chi publishes the journal Gallaudet Chronicles of Psychology . This journal is managed and edited by graduate student members of this chapter. The Chronicles are designed to "mimic professional journals, peer-reviewed" and provide postgraduate students with the opportunity to disseminate their original psychological research. In 2018, this chapter will publish the fifth volume of Chronicles .
In the fall of 2010, the Department of Deaf Study of the university launched the Deaf Digital Journal (DSDJ), the first peer-reviewed academic journal and creativity art in American Sign Language and English. DSDJ itself is published in content that is fully video-based and available online. To date, only four DSDJ issues have been released, most recently published in 2014.
Famous Alumni
- Bernard Bragg, actor
- Linda Bove, actress
- Robert R. Davila, 9th President of Gallaudet (Bachelor, 1953)
- Phyllis Frelich, actress
- Tyrone Giordano, actor
- Alice Lougee Hagemeyer, librarian
- Olof Hanson, American architect
- Russell Harvard, actor
- I. King Jordan Jr., 8th President of Gallaudet (Bachelor, 1970)
- Ella Mae Lentz, poet
- Dorothy Miles, poet and British activist
- Wilma Newhoudt-Druchen, South African politician
- Louise Stern, author and artist
- Shoshannah Stern, actress
- George Veditz, teacher, American Sign Language filmmaker, preserver of American Sign Language
- Nyle DiMarco, American actor, model, and activist
- Daniel Swartz, translator
Famous faculty
List of Presidents Gallaudet University
- Edward Miner Gallaudet (1864-1910)
- Dr. Percival Hall (1910-1945)
- Leonard M. Elstad (1945-1969)
- Edward C. Merrill Jr. (1969-1983)
- W. Lloyd Johns (October 1983-Jan. 1984)
- Jerry C. Lee (1984-1988)
- Elisabeth A. Zinser (March 1988)
- I. King Jordan Jr. (1988-2006)
- Robert Davila (2006-2009)
- T. Alan Hurwitz (2010-2015)
- Roberta Cordano (2016-present)
See also
- American Sign Language
- Bilingual-cultural education
- Willy Conley
- Andrew Foster (educator)
- William Stokoe
- American School for the Deaf
- National Association of the Deaf (United States) (NAD)
- National Technical Institute for the Deaf (NTID)
- Francis Maginn
References
External links
- Official website
- Official athletic website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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