Stencilling produces an image or pattern by applying pigment to the surface through an intermediate object with a designed gap in it that creates a pattern or image by only allowing the pigment to reach several parts of the surface. The stencils are images or patterns generated and intermediate objects; the context in which the stencil is used makes clear the intended meaning. In practice, stencils (objects) are usually thin sheets of material, such as paper, plastic, wood or metal, with letters or designs cut from them, used to generate letters or designs on the underlying surface by applying pigments through cut-out holes in material.
The main advantage of stencils is that they can be reused repeatedly and quickly produce the same letter or design. Although aerosols or stencil paintings can be made for a one-time use, they are usually made with the intent to reuse. In order to be reusable, they must remain intact once the design is manufactured and the stencil removed from the work surface. With some designs, this is done by connecting the islands stencil (part of the material inside the cut-out "hole" in the stencil) to other parts of the stencil with the
bridge (a narrow piece of un-cut material).
The stencil technique in the visual arts is also referred to as pochoir . The related technique (which has found application in some surrealist compositions) is aerography, where spray-painting is performed around three-dimensional objects to create negatives from non-positive objects of Design stencils. This technique is used in cave paintings aged 10,000 BC, in which human hands are used in painting the printed line between paintings of animals and other objects. The artist sprayed the pigment around his hand using a hollow bone, blown by the mouth to direct the flow of pigment.
Screen printing also uses a stencil process, just like mimeography. The master of the printed stencil page is often called the "stencil". Stencils can be made with one or more layers of color using different techniques, with most stencils designed to be applied as solid colors. During screen printing and mimeography, the image for the stencil is broken into a color layer. Several layers of stencils are used on the same surface to produce multi-colored images.
Video Stencil
Histori
Hand stencils, made by blowing pigments in hand held on the wall, were discovered from over 35,000 years ago in Asia and Europe, and then prehistoric dates on other continents. After that stencils have been used as historic painting techniques on all types of materials. Stencils may have been used to dye cloth for a very long time; this technique may reach the peak of sophistication in Katazome and other techniques used on silk for clothing during the Edo period in Japan. In Europe, from about 1450 they are usually used for coloring old master prints that are printed in black and white, usually pieces of wood. This is especially the case with playing cards, which continue to be colored with old stencils after most other subjects for the remaining prints in black and white. Stencils are used for bulk publications, because they do not have to be handwritten.
Maps Stencil
Book illustration
Stencils were very popular as book illustration methods, and for that purpose, this technique was at the height of its popularity in France during the 1920s when Andrà ©  © Marty, Jean Saudà ©  ©, and many other studios in Paris specializing in this technique. Low wages contribute to the popularity of highly labor-intensive processes. When stencils are used in this way they are often called "pochoirs". In the pochoir process, molds with outline designs are produced, and a series of stencils are used through the area where colors are applied by hand to the page. To produce detail, collotype can be produced which colors are then stenciled. Pochoir is often used to create intense color prints and is most commonly associated with Art Nouveau and Art Deco designs.
Aerosol stencils
Aerosol stencils have many practical applications and the concept of stencils are often used in industrial, commercial, artistic, residential and recreational settings, as well as by military, government and infrastructure management. Templates are used to create an outline of an image. Stencil templates can be made from any material that will hold its shape, from plain paper, cardboard, plastic sheets, metal, and wood.
Official use
Stencils are often used by official organizations, including the military, utility companies, and governments, to quickly and clearly label the objects, vehicles, and locations. Stencils for official applications can be customized, or purchased as individual letters, numbers and symbols. This allows users to organize words, phrases and other labels from a set of templates, unique to labeled items. When objects are labeled using a single template alphabet, it makes it easier to identify their affiliates or sources.
Graffiti Stencils
Stencils are also becoming popular for graffiti, because stencil art using spray paint can be produced quickly and easily. This quality is important for graffiti artists where graffiti is illegal or quasi-legal, depending on the city's surface and stencils. Extensive letters may be with stencils making it very appealing to political artists. For example, Crass's anarcho-punk bands use anti-war, anarchist, feminist and anti-consumerist message stencils in long-term graffiti campaigns around the London Underground system and on billboards. There has been a semi-new trend in making multi-layered stencils with different gray shades for each layer creating a more detailed stencil image. Also notable for their use of stencil art are Blek le Rat and Jef aerosol from France, British artist Banksy, New York artist John Fekner, world travel artist Tavar Zawacki f.k.a. 'ABOVE', OBEY Shepard Fairey, and Pirate & amp; Acid from Hollywood, California.
House stencils
The common traditions for stencils are home decor and art & amp; handycrafts. Home decorating stencils are an important part of the DIY industry (Do It Yourself). There are prefabricated template stencils available for home decoration projects from hardware, art & amp; craft stores and over the internet. Stencils are usually applied at home with paint or roller brushes along the wall boundary and as slim. They can also be applied with painted sponges for a textured effect.
Stencil templates can be purchased or built individually. Usually they are made of flexible plastic, including acetate, mylar, and vinyl. Stencils can be used as children's toys.
Military stencils
Stencils have been used in the military in most countries for years and continue to be used until now. They are used to mark equipment, vehicles, rations, signs, helmets, etc. The most popular use of military stencils was the adoption of a playing card design for Airborne USA helmets during World War II as a method for identifying regimental units.
Silk screening
Silk screening is a type of printing on paper or textile, where the ink is embedded in the fabric. The ink is controlled through the use of stencils, which are placed directly on paper or in textiles. This process can handle only one color of ink at a time. Therefore, multi-color design should be filtered with silk several times, with each interval need time to dry.
Micro span id = "Micro/nanostencil"
Stencils are also used in micro/nanotechnology, as mini-shadow masks in which materials can be stored, scratched or ions implanted onto the substrate. These stencils are usually made of thin (100-500Ã, nm) low-SiN stress where aperture is defined by various lithography techniques (eg electron beam, photolithography).
Stencil lithography has unique advantages over other modeling techniques: it does not require uniform spinning of the resistant coating (hence the pattern can be made on 3D topography) and does not involve heat or chemical treatment of the substrate (such as grilling, growing). and remove obstacles). Thus enabling various substrates (eg, flexible, surface-treated) and materials (eg organic) to be used.
Other forms of stencils
The stencil technique is used in screen printing that uses a woven screen tightly that is coated in a thin layer of emulsion to reproduce the original image. Because the stencils are attached to the screen, adjacent templates are not required.
A stencil used in airbrushing called a frisket is pressed directly on the artwork. It can be used to control or contain overspray, create sharp or complex shapes, but not designed for use more than once.
Stencil walls - to decorate walls and ceilings or create your own replicas for the overall effect of modern wall patterns.
See also
References
External links
- Prints & amp; People: A Social History of Printed Pictures, exhibit catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments