A wrinkle , also known as rhytide, is a crease, ridge or crease on the skin or on a cloth. Skin wrinkles usually appear as a result of the aging process such as glycation, ordinary sleeping position, body mass loss, or temporary, as a result of prolonged immersion in water. Age of skin wrinkles promoted by ordinary facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and many other factors.
Video Wrinkle
The causes of aging wrinkles
Development of facial wrinkles is a type of fibrosis in the skin. The theory of aging bad-buildup indicates that wrinkles develop from the correct repair of elastic fibers and collagen fibers. Repeated extension and compression of the skin causes recurrent injury to the extracellular fibers of the skin. During the repair process, some elastic fibers are damaged and collagen fibers are not regenerated and recovered but replaced by altered fibers. When elastic fibers are damaged in long conditions, they can be replaced by "long" collagen fibers. The accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin more loose and stiff, and as a result, large skin folds appear. When collagen "long" is damaged in a compressed state, it can be replaced by "short" collagen fibers. The "shorter" collagen fibers will limit the "longer" fiber extension, and make the fiber "long" in permanent folding state. Small folds, ie permanent wrinkles, then appear.
Maps Wrinkle
Sleep wrinkles
Sleep wrinkles are made and reinforced when the face is compressed against the pillow or bedside surface or sleeping position of the abdomen during sleep. They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression. As with facial expressions, wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, except for ordinary sleeping positions that cause wrinkles to change.
Wrinkle water immersion
Wrinkles that occur on the skin after prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hands or feet becomes wrinkled. This wrinkle response may have provided evolutionary benefits by providing better traction in wet conditions, and a better understanding of wet objects. However, a study 2014 that sought to reproduce these results could not demonstrate improved handling of wet objects with wrinkled fingertips. In addition, the same study found no association between fingertip wrinkling and touch sensation.
Prior to the 1935 study, a general explanation was based on water absorption in epithelial keratin-laden skin when immersed in water, causing the skin to expand and produce larger surface areas, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tip of the fingers and toes is the first wrinkle due to a thicker layer of keratin and the absence of hair that emits a protective oil called sebum.
In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with median nerve palsy when they found that skin wrinkles do not occur in areas of the skin of patients that are usually supplied by damaged nerves. This shows that the nervous system plays an important role in wrinkles, so the phenomenon can not be fully explained only by water absorption. Recent research has shown that wrinkles are associated with vasoconstriction. Water may begin the process of shrinking by altering electrolyte balance in the skin as it spreads to the hands and palms through many of their sweat channels. This could change the membrane stability of many neurons that are synchronized in many blood vessels beneath the skin, causing them to shoot faster. Increased neuronal shooting causes narrowed blood vessels, lowering the amount of fluid under the skin. This decrease in fluid will cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkled.
This insight produces side tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkles are often assessed by hand-washing for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with 5-minute measurement steps, and counting the number of wrinkles seen in time. Not all healthy people have finger wrinkles after immersion, so it would be safe to say that the sympathetic function is preserved if the finger is wrinkled after immersion in water is observed, but if the radius appears seamless it can not be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomous supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.
Animal with wrinkles
Examples of wrinkles can be found in a variety of animal species that grow loose, excess skin, especially when they are young. Some dog breeds, such as Pug and Shar Pei, have been brought up to exaggerate this trait. In dogs raised for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which provides protection benefits. Wrinkles are also associated with neoteny, because they are properties associated with adolescent animals.
Treatment for aging wrinkles
Current evidence suggests that tretinoin reduces the cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. In addition, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increases follicular follicle cell turnover. Tretinoin is better known as the Retin-A brand name.
Topical glycosaminoglycan supplements can help provide temporary recovery of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix damage and consequently the emergence of wrinkles. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes the synthesis, repair, and hydration of collagen. GAG serves as a natural moisturizer and lubricant among epidermal cells to inhibit the production of metalloproteinase matrices (MMPs).
Dermal filler is a syringe product that is often used to overcome wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to allow injection into the skin for the purpose of improving appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.
Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin produced by Allergan for therapeutic and cosmetic uses. In addition to cosmetic applications, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headaches and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (neuromuscular disorders involving head and neck).
Dysport, produced by Ipsen, receives FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia and glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, which is free of complex proteins, becomes available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.
Botulinum toxins treat wrinkles by paralyzing the muscles that cause wrinkles. Not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Other uses are not approved by the FDA and are deemed not to be labeled.
Laser resurfacing is a skin resurfacing procedure that has been cleared by the FDA in which lasers are used to improve skin conditions. Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; an ablative laser that removes thin layers of skin and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. The nonlative laser is less effective than the ablative but less invasive and the recovery time is short. After the procedure, people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.
See also
- Botulinum toxin
- Injectable filler
References
External links
- Medline: Aging Skin
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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