College basketball is organized today by a college athletic body including the National Association of Athletes of the United States (NCAA), National Association of Athletes of Space (NAIA), the American Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), National Junior The College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA). Government agencies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA). Each of these organizations is divided into one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that can be awarded to athletes.
Video College basketball
Histori
The history of basketball can be traced back to the YMCA International Training School, now known as Springfield College, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. The sport was created by a physical education teacher named James Naismith, who in the winter of 1891 was given the task of creating a game that would keep athletes fit and that would prevent them from getting hurt. The date of the first formal basketball game played at the YMCA Springfield Training School under Naismith rule was generally given on December 21, 1891. The basketball began to be played on several campuses in 1893.
First college
The first known college to guide the basketball team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University, who played against the local YMCA in Nashville, Tennessee, on February 7, 1893. The second recorded example of an organized college basketball game was the Geneva College game against New Brighton YMCA on April 8, 1893, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, which was won 3-0 by Geneva.
The first recording game between two college teams occurred on February 9, 1895, when Hamline University faced Minnesota A & amp; M (who later became part of the University of Minnesota). Minnesota A & amp; M wins the match, which is played under the rules allowing nine players per side, 9-3. The first inter-college match using the modern rules of five players per side is often credited as a game between the University of Chicago and Iowa University, in Iowa City, Iowa, on January 18, 1896. The Chicago team won the match 15-12, under the guidance of Amos Alonzo Stagg , who has learned the game from James Naismith in Springfield YMCA. However, some sources claim that the first true five-star game was a game in 1897 between Yale and Penn, because although the Iowa team that played Chicago in 1896 consisted of University of Iowa students, it was reported not officially. representing the university, but organized through the YMCA. By 1900, basketball games had spread to colleges all over the country.
Tournament
The annual annual National Amateur Athletic Union championship tournament (first played in 1898) often features college teams playing against non-college teams. Four colleges won the AAU tournament championships: Utah (1916), NYU (1920), Butler (1924) and Washburn (1925). The college team also became runners-up in 1915, 1917, 1920, 1921, 1932 and 1934.
The first tournament known to feature exclusively the college teams is the 1904 Summer Olympics, where basketball is a demonstration sport, and college championship tournaments are held. The Olympic title was won by Hiram College. In March 1908, a two-game "championship series" was held between the University of Chicago and Penn, with games played in Philadelphia and Bartlett, Illinois. Chicago swept both games to win the series.
In March 1922, the 1922 National Interbasket Basketball Tournament was held in Indianapolis - the first independent stand-alone post-season tournament for the college team. Winners from six major conferences participated: Pacific Coast Conference, South Interkolgi Interreligious Association, Western Pennsylvania League, Illinois Interclegiate Athletic Conference, Michigan Interreligious Athletic Association, and Indiana Interrelated Athlete Association. The Western Conference and the Eastern Intercollegiate League declined an invitation to participate. Wabash College won the 1922 tournament.
The first organization to champion a national college championship regularly was NAIA in 1937, though it quickly surpassed prestige by the National Invitation Tournament, or NIT, which took six teams to Madison Square Garden in New York in the spring of 1938. Beating Colorado at the first NIT tournament championship game, 60-36.
NCAA Tournament
In 1939, another national tournament was run by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The NCAA Tournament location varies from year to year, and soon used multiple locations every year, so more fans can see the game without traveling to New York. Although NIT was created earlier and more prestigious than the NCAA for years, it eventually lost its popularity and status to the NCAA Tournament. In 1950, after a double victory by men's basketball team CCNY Beavers 1949-50 (when NIT consisted of 12 and 8 NCAA teams), the NCAA ruled that no team could compete in both tournaments, and effectively showed that the team qualified for NCAA tournaments to play in it. Shortly thereafter, aided by the 1951 scandal based in New York City, the NCAA tournament became more prestigious than ever, with the conference champions and the majority of the top-ranked teams competing there. The NCAA tournament eventually surpassed the NIT in 1960. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, with UCLA leading as the winner of ten NCAA Tournament tournaments, a shift of power to western teams strengthened the attention shift from New York City-based on NIT. When the NCAA tournament expanded its team's field from 25 to 32 in 1975, to 48 in 1980, to 64 in 1985, and to 68 teams in 2011, interest in the NCAA tournament increased again and again, as it consisted of more teams , soon including all the strongest. (Expansion also improves the distribution of play locations, which amounts to about a third of the team in the field.)
In 2011, the NCAA field expanded to 68 teams and the last 8 teams played for four points making the field to 64, called first half and so on. The former round is called the second round, the second round is called the third round, and Sweet Sixteen is the same, but technically it is the fourth round in the current format, etc.
By 2016, the field is not developing, but the round numbers are changing again. The first four games containing the last 8 teams are now referred to as the first four. As a result, the first half did not start until the first four games out of the way and the field narrowed to 64 teams. So after the first four games, the first half starts instead of the second round. The Second is now when there are 32 teams left, sweet sixteen is the third round, and so on.
Original rule
The original rules for basketball are very different from the modern rules of the sport today, including the use of 8 players per side. Initially James Naismith established 13 original rules:
- The ball can be cast in all directions with one or both hands.
- The ball can be struck in any direction with one or both hands, but never with fists.
- The player can not run with the ball. The player must throw it away from the spot where he caught it, with the leniency to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at a good pace.
- The ball must be held by hand. Arms or body should not be used to hold it.
- Not carrying, holding, pushing, attacking, or stumbling in any way from an opponent is permitted. The first violation of this rule by any person shall be regarded as an offense; the second will disqualify him until the next goal is made or, if there is a clear intention to injure the person, for the whole game. No substitutions allowed.
- The offense will be called when a player is seen hitting the ball with a fist, or when a rule violation 3 and 4 and as described in rule 5 has been created.
- If one party committed three consecutive violations, it will count as a goal for the opponent ("consecutive" means without an opponent while it commits an offense).
- Goals should be made when the ball is thrown or beaten from the field to the basket and stays there, giving those who keep the goal do not touch or disturb the goal. If the ball is on the edge, and the opponent moves the basket, it will count as the goal.
- When the ball is out of bounds, it will be thrown into the field and played by the first person to touch it. In the event of a dispute, the referee will throw it directly into the field. Entrance thrower allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it will go to the opponent. If any party suspends the game, the referee will call them.
- The referee will be the judge of the people and shall record the offense and notify the referee when three consecutive violations have been committed. He will have the power to disqualify men according to rule 5.
- The referee will judge the ball and will decide when the ball is played, on the edge, to which side the ball is located, and will keep time. He will decide when the destination has been created and keep the destination account, with other tasks usually performed by a referee.
- The time is two fifteen minutes, with a five-minute inter break.
- The side that makes the most goals in that time will be declared the winner.
NCAA Basketball Rule Rule History
The following is a list of some major NCAA Basketball rule changes with the year in which they come into effect.
One-and-Done
The One-and-Done rule has been part of Collegiate Basketball since 2006, the first NBA draft affected. The rule was made by NBA Commissioner David Stern, who changed the draft age from 18 years to 19 years. This age change makes it to where players can not be recruited into NBAs directly from high school. Instead, however, they usually go to college to play only one season before entering the next NBA draft when they qualify, hence the name of One-and-Done. The first player designed during this "new era" was Tyrus Thomas, a frontman from Louisiana State, who was drawn up fourth overall in 2007.
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Conference
Division NCAA I
In 2017-18, a total of 351 boys play basketball schools in 32 division I basketball conferences. All of these schools also sponsor women's basketball except The Citadel and VMI, two military colleges that are all male until the 1990s and remain very male today.
Conferences for 2017-18 are:
In the early decades of college basketball, as well as in the 1970s, many schools played as independent, with no membership of conferences. However, the rise of college sports that television broadcasted in the 1980s led to the formation of many new conferences and expansion of pre-existing conferences. Division I last school to play as independent in basketball is NJIT, who was forced to become independent in 2013 after the collapse of the former all-sports league, Great West Conference. NJIT joined the Atlantic Atlantic Conference in 2015, leaving no independent division I basketball.
NCAA II Division
There are 24 division basketball divisions II. The conference is as follows:
There are 2 independent Second Division schools without affiliate conferences for the 2016-17 season.
The latest changes in the Second Division conference list occurred after the 2012-13 season, when the West Virginia Intercultural Athletics Conference (WVIAC) folded. In June 2012, nine soccer members who played the conference announced a split from six non-football schools. Eight of the nine schools that announced the split finally joined a non-football member of WVIAC and three other institutions to form the Eastern Mountain Conference, which began playing in the 2013-14 season. Of the remaining schools, three joined the Midwest Great Athletic Conference and two joined the Pennsylvania State Athletics Conference, with one becoming independent.
NCAA Division III
- Notes
Division NAIA I and II
National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) Division I and II
National Junior Athletic Association Association (NJCAA) Division I, II, and III
California Community College Athletic Association (CCCAA)
United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA)
- Penn State University Athletic Conference
- Yankee Small College Conference Northwest Athletic Conference (NWAC)
- Midwest Christian University Conference
Christian College Athletic Association (ACCA)
Independent conference
Relationship with professional basketball
In the last few decades, the NBA holds tradition and designs players who have graduated from college. This is a mutually beneficial relationship for NBAs and colleges - colleges hold players who are supposed to be professionals, and the NBA does not have to finance the minor leagues. However, when college matches are commercialized, it becomes increasingly difficult for "student athletes" to become students. The more basketball players of poor and less educated, but very talented teenagers find the system exploitative - they bring funds to schools where they learn a little and play without income.
The American Basketball Association started hiring players who have not graduated from college. After a junior college season, a season at the University of Detroit, and an Olympic gold medal, Spencer Haywood played the 1969-70 season with ABA's Denver Rockets. He signed with the Seattle SuperSonics NBA in 1970, before graduating from college, defying NBA rules. Haywood pleads that, as the sole breadwinner of his family, he should be allowed to earn a living in the NBA or his family will face poverty. The next legal battle went to the US Supreme Court which ruled in 1971 that the NBA did not have the same antitrust exclusion enjoyed by Major League Baseball. After that, the college players who showed economic difficulties were allowed to enter earlier into the NBA draft. The need for difficulty was eliminated in 1976.
In 1974, Moses Malone joined the Utah Stars of the American Basketball Association (which became part of the NBA after the ABA-NBA merger in 1976) directly from high school and went on to the Hall of Fame career. The last 30 years have seen tremendous changes in the college game. The best international players regularly skip college, many American stars skip college (Kevin Garnett, Kobe Bryant, Tracy McGrady, Dwight Howard, Amar'e Stoudemire and LeBron James) or just one year (Carmelo Anthony, Chris Bosh, Kevin Durant , and John Wall), and only a dozen college graduates are now among the 60 players selected in the annual NBA draft. Fewer high school children have progressed directly to the NBA without at least a college basketball year beginning in 2006; Citing fears of maturity after several incidents involving young players, the employment agreement between the player and the current owner determines that the player must be 19 years old during the calendar year of the draft to qualify. In addition, US players must be at least one year removed from their high school graduation.
The vastness of college basketball across the nation, the large population of graduates from the "major conference" universities, and the NCAA marketing "March Madness" (formally the NCAA Division I Basketball Championships), have made campus matches alive and well. Some commentators have argued that substitution of higher players has increased the importance of good coaches. Many teams have been very successful, for example, by emphasizing personality in their recruiting efforts, with the aim of creating cohesive groups who, while lacking stars, play together for 4 years and thus develop a higher level of sophistication than the less stable teams can achieve.
College basketball remains more popular than the NBA in some areas of the United States, such as in North Carolina and the Midwest (where traditionally strong programs in Louisville, Kentucky, and Indiana are found).
Differences with NBA and WNBA play
The NCAA Men's Basketball Rules Committee, which consists of coaches from all three NCAA divisions, sets rules for male college basketball games. Parallel committees set rules for playing college women. Although many NBA and WNBA rules apply in the NCAA game, there are differences that make the NCAA play unique.
In the latest 2017-18 season, the NCAA men's game is divided into two parts, each 20 minutes; The NBA game is played in four quarters of 12 minutes each; and WNBA and NCAA women's games played in 10 minutes. The NCAA pickup hour gives teams of both sexes 30 seconds to shoot, while the hours of shots used both in the NBA and WNBA give the team 24 seconds. In addition, the NCAA team allowed 10 seconds to move the ball past the halfcourt line (with this rule only been added to women's college matches in 2013-14 season), while the NBA and WNBA rules only allow 8 seconds. However, like the NBA and WNBA (and high school basketball), during the last minute of each period, the game clock saves the remaining time in a period measured in a tenth of a second instead of the full seconds.
Prior to the 2015-16 season, the men's NCAA basketball took 35 seconds of shooting hours, while the NCAA women's basketball was played with a 20-minute section equal to the men's game.
Despite the height of the basket, the distance of the rotting line from the backboard, and the court dimensions are the same, the distance between the three-dot line and the base board is different. The three-point NBA line measures 23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m) at the top of the circle, or 22 feet (6.7 m) in the corners or baseline. In the NCAA field, the three-point line has been constant 19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m), but the NCAA Rules Committee voted in May 2007 to extend it to 20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m), which became an effective season 2008-09 for men and 2011-12 season for women. The three-point WNBA line is 6.25 m (20Ã, ft 6Ã, in), used by FIBA ​​before extending the three-point arc to 6.75 m (22Ã, ft 1 / 2 at the top of the circle and 6.6 m (21Ã, ft 8Ã, in) at the corners and baseline. The NCAA lane measures a width of 12 feet (3.7 m), while the NBA and WNBA lines are 16 feet (4.9 m); the FIBA ​​line â € <â € The NCAA player allowed five private offenses before fouling out, as opposed to their NBA counterpart, who allowed six. It retains the same game minute ratio per allowed violation, eight. However, the WNBA allows players six personal offenses despite playing the same number of minutes as the NCAA. The number of team violations is also different. In all three competitions, team offenses can be categorized as either shooting or non-shooting. The shooting violation occurs when a player is violated while shooting (during the air), giving him a chance to shoot a free throw. A common violation (non-shooting foul) consists of all other offenses, including making contact with an opposing player while "reaching in" to steal the ball. A team can make a number of non-shooting violations per period before the opposing team is given free throws. In the NBA, WNBA, and (since 2015-16) the NCAA women's basketball, the fifth team committed a foul in a quarter put the team in punishment. For each offense starting with the fifth, whether it is shooting or non-firing, the opposing team receives two free throws. In addition, if the NBA team has not entered a penalty within the last two minutes of a period, the number of teams will be reset; a second team offense in the last two minutes sparked a penalty. WNBA has the same rules, except that "reset" does not occur until the last minutes of a period. In the NCAA men's match, the penalty starts with the seventh team committing a half-offense. However, the defacing player must make the first free throw to get the second one. This is called a "one-on-one" or "one and a bonus" situation. On a tenth team offense, a "double bonus" situation came into play, meaning that any subsequent team defeats resulted in two free throws for the opposing team. No free throws are shot at either level for a player's violation of control, which is a gross violation (usually a fee). Unlike the NBA/WNBA rules, the number of rotten teams is not reset in the last minute or two (male) or quarters (female). The overtime period is considered to be an extension of the second half under the NCAA men's rules and the fourth quarter under the NCAA female rules, but not under the NBA/WNBA rules; in the leagues, the fourth team commits a foul in the overtime period, or the second in the last round (WNBA) or two minutes (NBA), triggering a penalty. When a ball ownership dispute arises, a jump ball is used in the NBA and WNBA. At the NCAA, after the first possession has been set from the opening edge, no further stepping-off occurs except to initiate overtime period. Since 1981, ownership arrows on the scorers' table have determined which team should have the ball, with arrows shifting direction after each use. The NCAA team can call a timeout after they make a basket (Indiana prints a 3-point field goal and calls timeouts); in the NBA and WNBA, only the opposing team can call the timeout after the basket is created. Since the 2015-16 season, the men's NCAA coach has been banned calling timeouts off the bench while the ball is alive, although players remain free to do so. In addition, the NBA limits what types of defenses the team can play, especially in an effort to prevent the coach from slowing down the game rate by using zone defense. Zone defenses permitted in the NBA and WNBA; However, players can not stand on track for more than three seconds if they are not keeping anyone. In NCAA basketball, there are no such restrictions, and coaches are free to design various defense techniques. In college basketball, rules are required that the home team wear white or light-colored uniforms while the visitors wear darker jersey colors. The NBA, like most other professional sports leagues, allows the home team to decide which uniform to wear, but with some exceptions the home team has continued the tradition of college play and wearing white clothing (or in the case of Los Angeles Lakers for non-Sunday home games , gold) at home. This is only for regular season games; The home side always wear white during the playoffs. WNBA, however, follows the college rules for all games. The NBA introduced a new dress code rule in 2005. Now players are required to wear business casual clothing whenever they are involved in a team or league business. These include long shirts or short sleeves (collared or turtleneck), and/or sweaters; trousers, khakis, or jeans, appropriate shoes and socks, including shoes, boots, or other shoes, but do not include sneakers, sandals, flip-flops, or boots. The WNBA has the same dress code, customized for standard women's wear. NCAA rules do not have rules of dress code, leave them to individual teams or conferences. Organizations also have different rules for jersey numbers. While the NBA and WNBA allow players to use any number from 0 to 99, including 00, provided they are available, the NCAA does not allow any jersey numbers with 6, 7, 8, or 9 in them. This is done to enable the referee to report a violation using a hand signal with one hand, since each hand has only five fingers. The high school basketball, whose rules are set by the Association of National Colleges of the National Federation, also follows the NCAA convention on jersey numbering.
Other shares
While less commercialized than Division I, Division II and Division III are both highly successful college basketball organizations. Women's Division I is often aired on television, but for a smaller audience than the Men's Division. Generally, small colleges join the Second Division, while colleges of all sizes who choose not to offer athletic scholarships join the Third Division. Games other than the NCAA D-I are rarely broadcast by the national media, though CBS broadcast the NCAA Second Division Championship Final, while CBS College Sports Network broadcasts the semifinals as well as the Final of the Third Division.
NAIA also sponsors college basketball men and women. The Men's Basketball National Championship has been held annually since 1937 (with the exception of 1944), when it was founded by James Naismith to crown the national champions for smaller colleges and universities. Unlike the NCAA Tournament, the NAIA Tournament only features 32 teams, and the entire tournament is contested in a week instead of three weekends. Since 2002 the NAIA National Tournament has been played at the Municipal Auditorium in Kansas City, Missouri. (in 1994-2001 held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and 1937-1999 held in Municipal and then Kemper Arena in Kansas City). Sporadic media coverage has been provided by CBS, the Victory Sports Network, and various lesser known media.
Since 1992, NAIA has sponsored the Second Division championship, similar to the NCAA Divisions I and II. There is also NAIA Women's Basketball Championship.
The only schools that have won national titles in NAIA and NCAA Division I are Louisville; Cardinals also won the NIT title. Southern Illinois has won the NAIA and NIT titles. Central Missouri and Fort Hays State have won national titles NAIA and NCAA Division II.
Awards
- Men's college basketball award
- Women's college basketball award
- National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame
- Sports News College of Decade Athletic Basketball (2000-09)
Record and list
Men
- List of teams with the most victories in the NCAA Division I male basketball campus
- List of college male basketball coaches with 600 wins
- NCAA Final Four Division I by School
- List of Final Four NCAA Division I Son performances by coach
- NCAA Final Four Division I by School
- NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Tournament team record of all time
- Basketball Tournament Offer NCAA Division I by school
- The NCAA Division I Basketball Men's Offer by schools and conferences
- The Division I NCAA Basketball Tournament
- Men's NAIA Basketball Championship
- NIT team records all the time
- NIT bids by schools and conferences
- NIT Championships and semifinal performances
- NCAA Division I Men basketball statistics leader
- List of NCAA Division I male basketball coaches today
Female
- NCAA Division I Princess Tournament bids by school
- NAIA Women's Basketball Championship
- AIAW Women's Basketball Champions
- List of NCAA Division I leaders of women's basketball career scouts
See also
- History of BCAA Division I Division I NCAA
- Association for Women's Space Athletes (AIAW)
- AIAW Women's Basketball Tournament
- U Sports
- Canadian Collegiate Athletics Association (CCAA)
- National Association of Space Athletes (NAIA)
- Men's NAIA Basketball Championship
- NAIA Women's Basketball Championship
- Black participation in college basketball
- Women's basketball # University
- The athletic college
- College competition
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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