Spelman College is a four-year-old liberal arts ladies college located in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. The college is part of the Atlanta University Center academic consortium in Atlanta. Founded in 1881 as Atlanta Baptist Women's Seminary, Spelman is the fourth historic black female educational institution to receive higher education to receive a college charter in 1924. (Two schools are rigorous seminaries and originally coeducational.) Therefore, Spelman The College holds the distinction of becoming the first black college in America, the oldest, the personal, and the liberal.
Spelman was ranked among the leading liberal arts colleges and # 1 among the black history colleges in the United States by the US. News & amp; World Report . The college is also among the top 50 colleges and universities to produce Fulbright and Truman Scholars, and is ranked second in the producers of African-American college graduates attending medical schools. Spelman ranks # 1 among the institutions of origin of African-American baccalaureate women who obtained doctorates, engineering, and math.
Spelman is an alma mater of thousands of prominent Americans including the first African-American COO of Starbucks and CEO of Sam's Club Rosalind Brewer, Pulitzer Prize winner Alice Walker, former Harvard University Dean Evelynn M. Hammonds, activist and founder of Child Defense Foundation Marian Wright Edelman, musician, activist & amp; the historian Bernice Johnson Reagon (who also founded Sweet Honey in the Rock), author of Pearl Cleage, Rolanda Watts TV personality, Mattiwilda Dobbs Opera star, actress Cassi Davis, LaTanya Richardson, Adrienne-Joi Johnson and Keshia Knight Pulliam, and many others in art, education, science, business, and the armed forces.
In 2013, Spelman College decided to lower athletic athletes and leave the National Athletic Athletic Association. Using the money initially budgeted into sports programs, they create health programs that are available to all students.
Video Spelman College
Histori
Pendirian
Atlanta Baptist Women Seminary was founded on April 11, 1881 ( 1881-04-11 ) in the basement of the Church of Friendship Baptist in Atlanta, Georgia, by two teachers from the Oread Institute of Worcester, Massachusetts: Harriet E. Giles and Sophia B. Packard. Giles and Packard had met when Giles was a student, and Packard became an educator, from New Salem Academy in New Salem, Massachusetts, and fostered lifelong friendships there. They both went to Atlanta specifically to set up a school for black women, and received support from Frank Quarles, pastor of the Baptist Friendship Church.
Giles and Packard started school with 11 African-American women and $ 100 was given to them by First Baptist Church in Medford, Massachusetts, and promised further support from the Women's American Baptist Home Missionary Society (WABHMS), a group with them both affiliated in Boston. Although their first students were mostly illiterate, they envisioned their schooling to become a liberal arts institution - the first circle of college states that they plan to offer "algebra, physiology, essays, Latin, rhetoric, geometry, political economy, mental philosophy (psychology) , chemistry, botany, the Constitution of the United States, astronomy, zoology, geology, moral philosophy, and proof of Christianity. " Over time, they attract more students; by the end of the first semester, they had enrolled 80 students in seminary. The WABHMS made advance payments on a nine hectare (36,000 m²) site in Atlanta relatively close to the church they started, which originally had the remaining five buildings of Union Civil War camps, to support the needs of classrooms and dormitories.
In 1882, the two women returned to Massachusetts to bid more money and were introduced to Northern Baptist businessman John D. Rockefeller at a church conference in Ohio. Rockefeller was impressed with Packard's vision. In April 1884, Rockefeller visited the school. At the moment, the seminary has 600 students and 16 faculty members. It survived with generous donations by the black community in Atlanta, the efforts of teacher volunteers, and gift supplies; many Atlanta black churches, philanthropists, and black community groups raised and donated money to pay off debts on the property they had acquired. Rockefeller was so impressed that he paid off his debt on the property. Rockefeller's wife, Laura Spelman Rockefeller; his sister Lucy Spelman; and their parents, Harvey Buel and Lucy Henry Spelman, also supported the school. The Spelmans are long-time activists in the abolitionist movement. Thus, in 1884 the name of the school was changed to Spelman Seminary in honor of Laura Spelman, the wife of John D. Rockefeller, and his parents, who were long-time activists in the anti-slavery movement. Rockefeller also donated funds for what is today the oldest building on the campus, Rockefeller Hall, built in 1886.
Packard was appointed Spelman's first president in 1888, after the charter for the seminary was awarded. Packard died in 1891, and Giles occupied the presidency until his death in 1909.
Growth
The years 1910 to 1953 saw great growth and transition for seminary. After Giles's death, Lucy Hale Tapley became president. Although college was a step in itself, at the time, neither the founders nor the current government were interested in opposing the status quo of young women as being primarily responsible for families and homes. Tapley stated: "Any study program that fails to cultivate a sense and fitness to work practically and efficiently in some parts of the world need field is unpopular in Spelman and finds no place in our curriculum." The nursing curriculum is strengthened; teacher dormitories and home economy buildings were built, and Tapley Hall, the science house, completed in 1925. The Granddaughters' Club, the club for students whose mothers and aunts had attended Spelman was also created, and the club is still there now.
In 1927, Spelman Seminary officially became Spelman College . Florence Matilda Read assumed the presidency in 1927. Shortly thereafter, Spelman entered into an "affiliate agreement" with Morehouse College and nearby Atlanta University by chartering Atlanta University Center in 1929. Atlanta University was to provide postgraduate education for students, while Morehouse and Spelman were responsible answer for undergraduate education. At a time when black students are often denied access to postgraduate studies at a southern-dominated southern research university, access to Atlanta University allows undergraduate students in Morehouse and Spelman direct access to graduate training.
In 1927, one of the most important buildings on campus, Sisters Chapel, was dedicated. The chapel was named for its main benefactors, Laura Spelman Rockefeller's sister and Lucy Maria Spelman. Colleges have also begun to see an increase in extracurricular investment in the arts, with the organization of the Glee Spelman College Club in 1925, the inauguration of the well-loved Atlanta tradition of the annual Carol Spelman-Morehouse Christmas Concert and smaller events such as spring orchestra and concerts choir, the Atlanta University Summer Theater, and the University Players, a drama organization for AUC students. Schools also began to see more focus on college education, because the school stopped elementary and high school. In 1930 the Spelman Nursery School was created as a training center for mothers and the training arena for students planning careers in education and child development. Spelman celebrated his 50th birthday in April 1931. This milestone was accompanied by the construction of university libraries that were shared amongst the Atlanta University Center institutions, and the center continued to share libraries to this day.
Schools continue to grow, build and acquire more properties to accommodate student growth. In 1947, Spelman joined the list of "approved institutions" of the American University Association. In 1953, Florence Read retired, and Albert E. Manley became the first president of the first black man and woman. Under his presidency and his successor president, Donald Stewart, Spelman saw significant growth. The college established an overseas study program, the Merrill Foreign Travel Study Program. The Stewart Government redoubled its college donations and oversaw the creation of a Comprehensive Writing Program, a cross-curriculum writing program that requires students to submit their written work portfolios; Honors Ethel Waddell Githii; and the Women's Research and Resources Center. In 1958, the university received accreditation from the Association of Colleges and Schools of the South.
Civil rights engagement
Entering the 1960s, the Spelman University students were involved in the heated civil rights action taking place in Atlanta. In 1962, the first Spelman students were arrested for participating in sit-ins in the Atlanta community. The famous American historian Howard Zinn was a professor of history at Spelman during this era, and served as an advisor to the chapter of the Non-Violence Student Coordination Committee on campus. Zinn guided many of the Spelman students who fought for civil rights at the time, including Alice Walker and Marian Wright Edelman Zinn dismissed from college in 1963 for supporting the Spelman students in their efforts to combat segregation; at the time, Spelman focused on transforming "a fine young woman." Edelman himself wrote that Spelman had a reputation as "a very tight school of tea pouring designed to turn black girls into fine women and teachers."
1980-present
Stewart retired in 1986, and the following year, Johnnetta Betsch Cole became the first black woman president at Spelman College. During this time, colleges became well known for their commitment to community service and its relationships with local communities. Cole also leads the university's most successful capital campaign; between 1986 and 1996, the college raised $ 113.8 million, including a $ 20 million prize from Bill Cosby and his wife Camille Hanks Cosby, whose daughter graduated from Spelman. In honor of this prize, the Cosby Academic Center was built. In July 2015 the rest of the funds were returned and a blessed professor named for the Cosby couple was stopped for alleged sexual assault by Bill Cosby grew more prominent.
In 1997, Cole resigned and Audrey Forbes Manley became Spelman's first alumni president. After retiring, in 2002, Beverly Daniel Tatum, president of college until 2015, took up the post. The campus now consists of 26 buildings on 39 acres (160,000 m 2 ) in Atlanta.
In 2011, First Lady Michelle Obama served as the keynote speaker.
In 2012, media maestro, philanthropist, and billionaire Oprah Winfrey served as keynote speaker.
In March 2015, Mary Schmidt Campbell was named the 10th president of Spelman College. He started his presidency in August 2015.
List of presidents
From the beginning Spelman had ten presidents:
- Sophia B. Packard, (1888) founded a women's seminary with Giles in the basement of the historic African-American church and fostered Rockefeller's support for the school
- Harriet E. Giles, (1891) under whose school was awarded his first bachelor's degree Lucy Hale Tapley, (1910) under whose school decided to focus on higher education, the school officially became Spelman College (1927), and Sisters Chapel, one of the main buildings on campus, was founded.
- Florence M. Baca, (1927) a graduate of Mount Holyoke College, where the school established an endowment of more than $ 3 million, the school reached an agreement with Atlanta University and Morehouse College to form the Atlanta University Center (later Clark -Atlanta University , Morris Brown College, Morehouse School of Medicine, and Center for Interdenominology Theology added), the Arnett Library was built, and Spelman was approved by the American Association of Universities;
- Albert E. Manley (1953) (the first and first Spelman black male president), where overseas study programs were established, art centers were built, and three new dormitories and several classrooms have been renovated. According to Howard Zinn, Manley tried to suppress the student civil rights movement that took place on campus during his tenure.
- Donald M. Stewart (1976) under the leadership of the women's department of chemistry and chemistry was established, and three strategic programs were established: Comprehensive Writing Program, Research Center and Women's Resources, and Honors Program Ethel Waddell Githii, and the department of continuing education and computer literacy program established;
- Johnnetta B. Cole (1987) (first African-American woman president of Spelman), under which college receives $ 20 million from Drs. William and Camille Cosby for the construction of the Cosby Academic Center and instituting the Cole Institute for Community Service;
- Audrey F. Manley (1997) (Spelman's first alumni president), in which Spelman earned Phi Beta Kappa chapter, Spelman was accepted as an interim athletic member of the NCAA Division III, the Center for Science was completed;
- Beverly Daniel Tatum, (2002) who was appointed in 2002 after teaching and serving as administrator for several years at Mount Holyoke College, and under it the Sisters Chapel renovation began. Also during his tenure, he founded the Fitness Revolution which was a holistic initiative to empower and educate Spelman women;
- Mary Schmidt Campbell, (2015) a President Obama who was appointed as vice chairman of the Presidential committee on Arts and Humanity, also previously served as dean emeritus of Tisch Art School and Asosiate Provost for Art at New York University;
Maps Spelman College
Museum of Fine Arts
The Spelman University Museum of Fine Arts is the only museum in the country that emphasizes art by and about African Diaspora women.
In 2016, the museum in collaboration with the Spelman Arts and History Arts Department launched a two-year curatorial study program to enhance diversity in the museum industry. The curatorial study program is funded by Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.
Academics
Rank 2018 US News putting the 1st Spelman between the Black History and/or University Historical Columns and Universities and its 2016 ranking puts Spelman 10 for the most innovative in all US liberal arts colleges.
Spelman is accredited by the College Commission of Colleges and Southern Schools (SACS). Spelman is a member of the Women's College Coalition, National Music School Association (NASM), National Council for Teacher Education Accreditation (NCATE), Southern High School and School Associations, Higher Education Fund/UNCF, National Association for Admissions Counseling Colleges, and State of Georgia Professional Standards Commission (PSC).
Spelman offers a Bachelor of Arts degree in the following majors: Art, Child Development, Women's Comparative Studies, Drama & amp; Dance, Economics, English, Foreign Languages ​​(French and Spanish), History, Human Services, Major Independent, International Studies, Mathematics, Music, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Religious Studies, Sociology, and Anthropology.
Spelman offers a Bachelor of Science degree in the following majors: Biochemistry, Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science and Information, Dual Degree Engineering, Environmental Science, Mathematics, and Physics.
Spelman offers a double-degree nursing program with Emory University. Students who successfully complete the program will receive a bachelor degree from Spelman and a Bachelor of Science degree in Nursing from Emory in five years or less.
The Ethel Waddell Githii Honors Program is a four year comprehensive academic program available to select students who meet highly competitive performance criteria.
Spelman has several pre-professional and research programs primarily designed to make students more competitive for admission to highly selective graduate and graduate academic programs. About two-thirds of Spelman graduates have earned a high degree.
Spelman has the highest graduation rate among HBCU. It also has students: a 12: 1 faculty ratio.
Spelman is a highly selective institution each year that offers acceptance of up to between 30 and 40 percent of 9,000 applicants. Spelman evaluates all applicants holistically including public service involvement checks, letters of recommendation, personal statements, extracurricular activities, academic transcripts, and standardized test scores.
Honor Society
Registered academic honors communities include Phi Beta Kappa, Delta Alpha Epsilon, Alpha Lambda Delta, Lambda Alpha Sigma, Beta Kappa Chi, Golden Key International Honor Society, Kappa Delta Epsilon, Mortar Board Senior Honor Society, National Society of Collegiate Scholars, Pi Sigma Alpha, Psi Chi, Delta Sigma Tau, and Upsilon Pi Epsilon.
Student body
All students are women and especially African-Americans. Thirty percent comes from Georgia, 69% of all the United States, and 1% are international. Of the incoming classes, 99% apply for a demand-based financial aid, and such assistance is provided to 97% of the first year's classes. In 2007-08, a total of $ 44,399,221 in financial assistance was awarded.
Student life
Spelman offers organized and informal activities. The 82 college student organizations include community service organizations, special interest groups, cheerleading Morehouse, choir groups, musical ensembles, dance groups, drama/theater groups, jazz bands, clubs, and intramural sports, and student governance.
The Spelman campus near downtown Atlanta consists of over 25 buildings on 39 acres.
New Student Orientation
All new Spelman students are required to attend the New Student Orientation (NSO) for six days in August just before the autumn semester begins. The Spelman NSO is a series of events, workshops, and sessions designed to teach new Spelman students about the mission, history, culture, tradition and fraternity of Spelman College; students are also given information on how to become successful students, such as enrollment, consideration, placement, and classroom planning schedules. The NSO is led by student leaders applying for positions and alumni of Spelman. During the NSO, students are required to stay on campus; any leave must be approved by NSO leaders.
Tradition of White Dress
One of Spelman's oldest traditions is the students who wear a "respectable and conservative" white dress for a formal event set on campus. The tradition began in the early 1900s when it was a habit for women to wear such clothing when attending formal events. White gowns are worn for annual NSO induction ceremonies, Establishment Day Meetings, Alumnae March, and seniors passing white gowns under their black graduation dress for Class Day and Commencement.
Publications and student media
Spelman offers a literary magazine ( Aunt Chloe: A Journal of Candor ), student newspaper, The BluePrint, and student association student bulletin ( Jaguar Print ). This yearbook is called Reflection .
Religious organization
Religious organizations currently enrolled on campus include: Baha'i Club, Al-Nissa, Alabaster Box, Atlanta Adventist Collegiate Society, Campus Crusade for Christ, Crossfire International Campus Ministry, Happiness In Praise for His Abundant Presence, InterVarsity Christian Guild, Movement Praise Dance Team, The Newman Organization, The Outlet and The Pre-Theology Society Minorities.
NAACP and Sister Steps are registered campus organizations. Spelman also has chapters on Cancer Against, Circle K, Feminist Leadership Alliance, Habitat for Humanity, National Council of Negro Women, National Engineers Association, Smile Operations, United Way, and Young Democrats of America. Spelman is also the first HBCU to charter a chapter of Amnesty International on campus.
Spelman has all four Pan-Hellenic Council students on campus: Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Zeta Phi Beta, and Sigma Gamma Rho. In addition, Spelman has a chapter of Tau Beta Sigma's National Honorary Band Sorority and chapters of Gamma Sigma Sigma, a national service student. Spelman students can also join the ALC-wide Alpha Phi Omega chapter located at Clark Atlanta University.
Home life
Spelman College has 11 dorms on campus with about 1,400 students occupying them. Each has unique features and identities. There are three first-year students who live in dormitories, honorary dormitory halls (mixed with first-year and senior students), and seven seniors live in dormitories only. All first-year students are required to stay on campus and it is a Spelman tradition for them to engage in friendly residence competitions (ie strolling, singing, pranks, fundraising, etc.) throughout their first year of schooling.
Athletics
From 2003 to 2013 Spelman Jaguars is a member of the Great South Athletic Conference (GSAC) of the NCAA Division III. The school sponsors seven university sports: basketball, cross country, golf, soccer, softball, tennis, volleyball.
End of athletics
On November 1, 2012, Spelman College announced that it would drop all inter-college sports at the end of the 2012-13 academic year to promote a healthy lifestyle among its students. His vision is that with this change, students will apply these healthy practices in their home life off campus.
Famous Alumni
Famous faculty
- Alma Jean Billingslea (born 1946), civil rights activist and author
- Pearl Cleage (born 1948), author
- Shirley Franklin (born 1945), former mayor of Atlanta
- Sophia B. Jones (1857-1932), first African-American teacher, organizes nursing program
- Colm Mulcahy (born 1958), Irish mathematician, academician, columnist and author of the book
- Howard Zinn (1922-2010), historian
See also
- Women's college in the Southern United States
References
Further reading
- Atlanta Regional Council for Higher Education. "Giving a Voice to the New Generation: the three female colleges in Metro Atlanta will be stronger, although the number of female academies across the country has declined."
- Guy-Sheftall, Beverly. "Black Women and Higher Education: Spelman and Bennett Colleges Back." The Journal of Negro Education , Vol. 51, No. 3, The Impact of Black Women in Education: A Historical Review (Summer, 1982), p. 278-287.
- Johnetta Cross-Brazzell, "Brick without Straw: Missionary-Sponsored Black Higher Education in the Post-Emancipation Era," Journal of Higher Education 63 (January/February 1992).
- Beverly Guy-Sheftall and Jo Moore Stewart, Spelman: Celebration of the Century , 1881-1981 (Atlanta: Spelman College, 1981).
- Albert E. Manley, A Legacy Continues: The Manley Years at Spelman College, 1953-1976 (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1995).
- Florence M. Read, The Story of Spelman College (Princeton, N.J: Princeton University Press, 1961).
- Spelman College Aims for New Heights - Atlanta Journal-Constitution article
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
External links
- Official website
- Official museum website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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