Columbia College is the oldest university campus at Columbia University, located on the university's premier campus at Morningside Heights in Manhattan district of New York City. Founded by the Church of England in 1754 as the King's College , received the royal charter from King George II of Great Britain. It is the oldest institution of higher education in New York state and the fifth oldest in the United States.
College is typical for a comprehensive core curriculum, and is one of the most selective colleges in its acceptance. For the 2021 class, college received 5.8% of applicants, the second lowest acceptance rate in the Ivy League behind only Harvard.
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History
Columbia College was founded as King's College, by the royal charter of King George II of Great Britain in New York Province in 1754. Partly due to the influence of the Church of England religious leaders, a site in New York City in the Trinity Church yard, Wall Street on Manhattan Island was chosen.
Samuel Johnson was elected the first university president and also the first professor in college (and for the only time). During this period, classes and exams, both oral and written, are all done in Latin.
In 1767, Samuel Bard founded a college of medicine at the school, now known as Columbia University's College of Physicians and Surgeons, which was the first medical school to award a Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree in America.
Because of the American Revolutionary War, instructions were stopped from 1776 to 1784, but at the beginning of the war, colleges had educated some of the country's leading political leaders. Even at this young age, King's College had educated Alexander Hamilton, serving as a military aide to General George Washington, beginning and writing most of The Federalist Papers, and then as the first Minister of Finance; John Jay, author of some of the Federalist Papers and the first US Supreme Court Justice; Robert Livingston, one of the five Committees that drafted the Declaration of Independence; and Gouverneur Morris, who wrote most of the Constitution of the United States.
Hamilton's first experience with the military came when a college student during the summer of 1775, after the outbreak of a battle in Boston. Together with Nicholas Fish, Robert Troup, and a group of other students from King's College, he joined a volunteer militia company called "Hearts of Oak" and reached the rank of Lieutenant. They used a special uniform, complete with the words "Freedom or Death" on their hats, and drilled under the supervision of a former British officer at the St. Chapel's funeral. Paul is nearby. In August 1775, while under fire from HMS Asia, Hearts of Oak ("Corsicans") participated in a successful attack to seize the cannon from the Battery, becoming an artillery unit thereafter. Ironically, in 1776 Captain Hamilton would be involved in the Battle of Harlem Heights, which took place in and around the site that would later be home to his alma mater more than a century later, only to be buried after the death of his duel a few years later at King's College's original home in the Trinity Church.
With the successful Paris Treaty of 1783, the domestic situation was stable enough for colleges to continue classes in 1784. With the independence of the new state of the United Kingdom, the name of the institution was changed from King's College to Columbia College, a name which the institution continued to recognize today this. The college was briefly hired as a state institution, which only lasted until 1787, when due to lack of public financial support schools were allowed to join under a private board. The 1787 charter remains in effect. The college was renamed and reorganized, located in the new national capital under the Constitution and free from association with the Church of England, students of various denominations came to Columbia in response to his growing reputation as one of the best higher learning institutions in the new country.
After some time being housed in another lower Manhattan building at Park Place near the current location of New York City Hall, in 1857 the campus moved to 49th Street and Madison Avenue in Manhattan.
During his forty years of study at this location, in addition to awarding a Bachelor of Arts and Doctor of Medicine, college faculties expanded to include Columbia Law School (founded 1858), Columbia School of Mines (founded 1864, now known as the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Fu Foundation). Columbia School of Mines received a Ph.D. from Columbia in 1875.
At this time, Columbia College is now not only the name of the original university graduate who was established as King's College, but also includes all the colleges and schools of other institutions. (Though technically known as the "School of Arts," the undergraduate division is often called "College precisely" to avoid confusion.) After Seth Low became president of Columbia College in 1890, he advocated the divisions of each school and college became their own semi-autonomous entity under the administrative center of the university. The complexity of managing institutions has been increasing when Barnard College for Women became affiliated with Columbia in 1889 followed by Teachers College of Columbia University in 1891. Also at this time, graduate faculty issued a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree in philosophy, political science, and natural sciences have also developed.
Thus, in 1896, the guardians of Columbia College, under the guidance of Seth Low, approved a new name for the university as a whole, Columbia University in New York City. At this point, the Columbia College name was re-used only to refer to the original undergraduate campus, established as King's College in 1754 and renamed Columbia College in 1784.
In addition to regaining Columbia College's identity and making it the newly reorganized Columbia University focus, Low is also responsible for the university's monumental relocation to its current location on the hill at Morningside Heights in Manhattan. The extended campus treaty is extended from 114th St. to 120th St. between Broadway and Amsterdam Avenue.
Charles McKim from McKim, Mead, and White was chosen to design a new campus, which will be patterned after the Italian Renaissance building. While most American universities at this point have followed medieval and Gothic style architecture, the neoclassical style of the new Columbia University campus is meant to reflect the roots of the institution in the Enlightenment and the spirit of intellectual invention in that period. Columbia College and Columbia University as a whole were transferred to a new campus in 1897.
The academic history of the Columbia College tradition clearly has their beginnings in classical Enlightenment education, and in this mold, the famous Core Curriculum in college was officially recognized and codified in 1919 with John Erskine's first seminar on the great books of the western tradition.. Also in 1919, courses, War and Peace, were required of all Columbia College students in addition to the Great Books Honors Seminar.
During the 1960s, Columbia College, like many others throughout the United States, experienced unrest and turmoil due to the ongoing civil rights movement and opposition to the Vietnam War. On April 23, 1968, more than 1,000 students forcibly occupied five campus buildings in protest at the planned expansion of the university campus to Morningside Park and to protest the university sponsorship for secret military research. University officials hope to build a new gym facility in the park, which is temporarily located adjacent to the university, separated by steep cliffs. Plans to create separate entrances for students and locals are the main objections of the student protesters against the proposed expansion plans. The fence at the site was torn down, and the police arrested a student, whose release became one of the protest demands. After five days, the university function stalled, and on the morning of April 30, the students were forcibly displaced by the New York City Police Department. As a result of student protests, university president Grayson L. Kirk retired, secret research projects on campus suddenly ended, the old ROTC program was issued, and the proposed expansion plans were canceled. The University experienced financial difficulties during the 1970s and early 1980s, and the admission standards in college were slightly more relaxed to accelerate the diversification of student bodies after the 1968 protests. The parallelization of national trends after 1970, the Columbia classes in the 1970s and 1980s -an earned a lower SAT score than the Columbia students in the late 1960s. However, the scores are similar to other Ivy schools except Harvard, Yale, and Princeton - a position unacceptable to the ambitious administration of Columbia.
After two committees reported in 1980 and 1981 that college competitiveness of all men with other Ivy League universities declined, women were accepted in 1983. The 1991 median SAT median score was the highest since the early 1970s. In the 1980s and 1990s, the campus experienced a drastic increase in gift and endowment growth, pushing it from the periphery to the forefront of a university historically dominated by its graduates & amp; professional school. During the leadership of university presidents Michael Sovern and George Erik Rupp, many of Columbia College's facilities are expanded and extensively renovated. The number of residence dorms is improved to accommodate all Columbia College students for all four years of undergraduate education. Hamilton Hall, Columbia College's premier academic building has undergone extensive renovations, and college athletic facilities, located at Baker Field Athletics Complex at the far north end of Manhattan at 218th Street, have been renovated and expanded.
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Columbia Columbia today
Columbia CollegeAcademics
Columbia College is known for its rigorous Core Curriculum, a series of mandatory classes and distribution requirements that shape the academic experience of Columbia College students. The cores have changed little over the years, but today's students are required to take the following:
Students are also required to pass a swimming test before receiving their diploma. Foreign language requirements, however, may be skipped if the student passes a placement exam or indicates the required proficiency. Most students graduate within four years with a Bachelor of Arts degree.
Campus
Most of the College's facilities are located on the Columbia University Morningside Heights campus, especially at Hamilton Hall, which houses the administration and admissions office, as well as the director of the Core Curriculum.
The Butler Library, Columbia University's premier library, is home to over 2 million volumes of the University's humanities collections. The facility recently underwent extensive 4-year renovations, including the creation of a new wing, named Library Philip L. Milstein Library Family in honor of its donors. Included is a special collection of about 100,000 volumes containing subject matter in history, literature, philosophy, and social science that is specifically intended to complement the Columbia College curriculum. The Columbia University Library Collection comprises more than 9.2 million volumes stored in 25 specialized libraries as well as digital libraries, but Columbia College students do not have unlimited access to all the specialized libraries.
Students at Columbia College secured campus housing for four years. The Residence hall, which also houses Columbia University engineering school students, is either located on the main campus of Morningside Heights or within 10 blocks of the entrance of 116th Street. The first year students are placed in the main quad at John Jay, Carman, Wallach, Hartley and Furnald Halls.
The two main dining facilities are John Jay Dining Hall and Ferris Booth Commons; all students are required to have a complete meal plan. Other school dining facilities available on the Morningside Heights campus are located in the recently renovated student center, Alfred Lerner Hall, and Uris Hall.
Government
In 2011, after the resignation of Michele Moody-Adams, James Valentini succeeded him as the Dean of the Columbia College. Columbia College students choose the Columbia College Student Council (CCSC) to serve as their primary representatives, advocates and liaisons to the Columbia University community, including administration, faculty, alumni and students, as well as the public.
Noting people
Many prominent individuals have attended or taught at Columbia College or King's College, its predecessor.
Among College alumni categorized as "outstanding" by the university during the 250th anniversary celebrations of 2004 were the Founding Fathers of United States of Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and Gouverneur Morris (author of Preamble to US Constitution, "We, The People" ). Other political figures in the group include statesman and educator Nicholas Murray Butler, New York Governor DeWitt Clinton, US Secretary of State Hamilton Fish, South African anti-apartheid leader Pixley Isaka Seme, Chinese diplomat Wellington Koo, many New York mayors, including Seth Low and John Purroy Mitchel, as well as spymaster William Joseph Donovan.
Registered academics include philosopher Mortimer Adler and Irwin Edman, historian Jacques Barzun and Alfred Thayer Mahan, economist Arthur Burns, paleontologist Niles Eldredge, Brander Matthews drama master, art historian Meyer Schapiro and literary critic Lionel Trilling.
Public intellectuals and journalists, including broadcaster Roone Arledge, social critic Randolph Bourne, environmental activist Barry Commoner, and writers such as Henry Demarest Lloyd and Norman Podhoretz also stand out on the list. Major publishers include Alfred Knopf, Arthur Sulzberger, and Bennett Cerf. Rabbi Stephen Wise is also considered prominent.
Graduates of Columbia's acclaimed art colleges include pianist Emanuel Ax, actor James Cagney, musician Art Garfunkel, composer Richard Rodgers and John Corigliano, lyricists Oscar Hammerstein II and Lorenz Hart, screenwriters Samuel Spewack, Tony Kushner and Terrence McNally, writers Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Herman Wouk, John Berryman, Thomas Merton, Clement Clarke Moore, Ben Coes and Clifton Fadiman, screenwriter Herman Mankiewicz, filmmaker Joseph Mankiewicz, sculptor Isamu Noguchi and violinist Gil Shaham.
Architects James Renwick, Jr., Robert A.M. Stern, engineer William Barclay Parsons, baseball player Lou Gehrig, soccer player Sid Luckman, and business leader John Kluge are also Columbia College students.
In addition, former Columbia College students are especially visible in recent years including President Barack Obama, former Attorney General Eric Holder and Michael Mukasey, New York Governor David Paterson, New Hampshire Senator Judd Gregg, New Jersey Senator Frank Lautenberg, former New Jersey Governor , Jim McGree, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, Estonian President Toomas Hendrik Ilves, political adviser and commentator George Stephanopoulos, actor Maggie Gyllenhaal, Jake Gyllenhaal, Anna Paquin, Casey Affleck, Amanda Peet, Matthew Fox, George Segal, Julia Stiles, Love Laura , and Kate McKinnon, Max Kellerman's radio personality, Jim Jarmusch director Brian De Palma and Bill Condon, author Paul Auster, historian Eric Foner, economist Michael Wolf, chart-topping band Vampire Weekend alt-rock, and Grammy Award-winning singer R & amp; B and songwriter Alicia Keys.
Among its alumni, Columbia College can count at least 16 Nobel Prize winners.
References
External links
- Official website
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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