University and college admission

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University admissions or college admissions is the process by which students enter higher education at universities and colleges. Systems vary from country to country, and sometimes from institution to institution. In India almost all private colleges and universities have separate seats for management quotas. Diary education plays an important role in college and university admissions for all Undergraduate and graduate programs.

In many countries, prospective applicants apply for admission during their final year in high school or college. In some countries, there are independent organizations or government agencies to centralize the administration of standard admissions exams and application processing.

Video University and college admission

Australia

As Australia uses the federal government system, responsibilities for education, and entry into Advanced Engineering and Education colleges and university degrees for domestic students, are in the state and territory government domains (see Education in Australia). All states except Tasmania have centralized processing units for entry into graduate degrees for Australians and New Zealanders, and for permanent residents of Australia; However applications for international and postgraduate students are usually accepted by each university. The Australian Government operates the Higher Education Contribution Scheme (It has been replaced by HECS-HELP - Higher Education Loan Program) which is very similar for undergraduate students, so acceptance is rarely limited by the ability of prospective students to pay in advance. All states use a system that rewards recipients with ATAR, and an award from the International Baccalaureureate meets the minimum requirements for entry in each state. ATAR is awarded based on the level of achievement in individual individual high school exams (such as NSW HSC). For individuals without ATAR, or a new secondary school certificate, the Specialized Tertiary Admissions Test is used as a standard test to provide ATAR. The maximum probability of ATAR is 99.95, indicating that students have achieved better than 99.95% of their peers.

New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory

The Central Admissions University (UAC) processes applications for admission to most undergraduate programs at participating institutions, particularly in NSW and ACT.

Too:

• processing applications for admission to many postgraduate programs
• calculate the Australian Tertiary Reception Rating (ATAR) and notify the NSW HSC students about their ATAR
• administers tertiary acceptance tests, such as the Special Tertiary Admissions Test (STAT)
• processing applications for the Access to Education Scheme (EAS) and for some Equity Scholarships.

Northern Region

The South Australia Tertiary Reception Center accepts applications for Northern Territory tertiary institutions. Grade 12 students are granted the Northern Territory Education Certificate and must meet the course requirements.

Queensland

The Queensland Tertiary Reception Center accepts applications for tertiary institutions in Queensland. Grade 12 students are awarded Overall Position, based on their achievements in the subjects and their average school outcomes in the Queensland Core Skills Tests, as well as meeting the course requirements.

South Australia

The South Australia Tertiary Reception Center accepts applications for tertiary institutions in South Australia. Grade 12 students are awarded the South Australian Education Certificate, and must meet course requirements. Their 12-year results are compared with students from the same year to determine their Australian Tertiary Entry Rating.

Tasmania

School graduates in Tasmania who apply for admission to Tasmania University need to apply directly to the university. Tasmanian school students receive the Tertiary Entrance Level after successfully completing the Tasmanian Education Certificate. Students from interstates who wish to study at UTAS may apply through the Victoria Tertiary Reception Center, or directly through the University.

Victoria

The Tertiary Reception Center of Victoria accepts applications for Victoria's tertiary institutions. Applications consist of standard test results and meet institutional requirements. The standard certification for school graduates is the Victorian Education Certificate.

Western Australia

The Tertiary Institution Service Center accepts applications for higher education institutions in Western Australia. The standard test for school graduates is the Tertiary Entrance Exam .

Maps University and college admission

Austria, Switzerland and Belgium

Austria, Switzerland and Belgium may have the most liberal university admissions system anywhere in the world, as anyone who has passed Matura can enroll in any subject area (or even some at no additional cost) at a state university. In Belgium too, the only prerequisite for enrolling at university is getting a high school diploma. In Switzerland and Belgium, medical studies are an exception, which has a numerus clausus system because of its density. This liberal acceptance practice leads to high density and higher drop-out rates in more popular subjects such as psychology and journalism, as well as a high failure rate on exams that are unofficially used to screen for underprivileged students. Following a decision by the European Court issued on July 7, 2005, which forced Austria to accept other EU member states under the same conditions as students who took their Matura in Austria, the law was passed on June 8 which allowed the university to implement the measures - steps to select students in fields subject to numerus clauses in Germany. Beginning in 2006, three medical universities (in Vienna, Innsbruck and Graz) did introduce entrance exams. There is no intention to introduce a numerus clause in any subject area.

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Brazil

To enter university in Brazil, candidates must undergo a public open examination called " Vestibular ", which lasts about 1 week and takes place once a year. Some universities may run Vestibular twice a year, for two times a year instead of just one. This option is popular in private universities, while state universities usually only hold Vestibular once a year (in November, December or January). Universities offer limited space, and the best ranking candidates according to their overall Vestibular class are selected for admission. Although the Vestibular format changes from university to university, it usually consists of week-long examinations on compulsory school subjects such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Geography, Portuguese language and literature, and foreign languages ​​(usually English). Private universities usually "condense" these week-long exams into a few days, but some state universities still need a week's marathon.

Since public universities are entirely free of tuition, competition in Vestibular is usually fierce for a place at a state university. Due to the high number of applicants, Vestibular in some public universities may include an early elimination phase (known as "Primeira Phase "), usually consisting of multiple choice questions and held between one and two months of previous subject exams. Minimum cutoff values ​​are usually required in the elimination phase to advance to the second part of Vestibular.

National Unified Reception System

In recent years, the university's admission criterion has changed considerably by the federal government's introduction of a new national high school exam known as ENEM ( Exame Nacional do Ensino MÃÆ'  © dio ) and the creation of a single entity, an application system a national university known as SISU ( Sistema de SeleÃÆ'§ÃÆ' £ o Unificada ). Candidates in every Brazil state can now apply for entry into the programs available within the SISU system, even if interest programs are offered by universities outside of the state. Places in each course in the system are then filled based on applicants' ratings in descending order according to their overall value at ENEM. The application process is divided into three stages and candidates who fail to gain a place in their course of study/university of interest at some stage may re-apply either to the same or to different courses/universities in the next stage.

In theory, every university in Brazil, whether public or private, is free to join the SISU system and select their new entry class based on the ENEM value. Currently, most state universities have joined the SISU, but some of them, especially some of the most prestigious federal universities (eg UNIFESP, UFRJ, UFMG, UFRGS) have maintained their own independent Vestibular exam, above the national ENEM, both for entry into all or part of their degree program.

Sometimes ENEM replaces the old elimination of Part I (" primeira phase ") from Vestibular. Alternatively, ENEM results can be used as part of the overall final value in Vestibular. More rarely, some state universities have decided not to use ENEM values ​​at all and continue to base their acceptance criteria solely on Vestibular. Important examples in the last group include the prestigious federal military schools like ITA and IME and, in 2010, prestigious state research universities in the state of SÃÆ'â € "Paulo (USP and UNICAMP). The resistance to ENEM among some of the top universities comes largely from the perception that the national federal exam is less selective than the older independent Vestibular.

Login Quotes

Another recent significant development in university admissions in Brazil has been introduced in most federal university quota systems where certain places are reserved for certain racial/ethnic background applicants who have completed their pre-university studies in public schools (ie countries -did). Eligible candidates can apply for an interest under the quota system either through a national or direct SISU system at their chosen university (in which case the university uses both the national and Vestibular ENEM self-sufficient exams to select applicants). Again as an important exception, selective federal military schools and state universities in SÃ £ o Paulo have so far refused to use any quota system based on race or school background. The USP and UNICAMP, however, have instituted a "blind racism" social inclusion program that gives bonuses in the final Vestibular mgrade to candidates from high school, increasing their chances of securing a place in a particular university program of interest. without having to use a predetermined quota.

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Canada

Undergraduate entries

In Canada, students enrolling from high school generally hear returning words from college or university between late March and late May, although acceptance offers may be extended for high achievers (via IPK or other submissions) as early as November-January. International/US applicants are likely to accept an offer or rejection in early April, depending on the sending of the original document. In some cases, an institution may offer enrollment in an 11th grade high school, if monetary costs are sent early.

Double sign

Many Canadian universities offer double admissions to students after completing their graduation requirements.

For example, 11th and 12th grade students at Columbia International College may apply for double admissions at Canadian universities such as York University, University of Alberta, Brock University and Cape Breton University.

Academy vs. University

Admission to a Canadian university or college often requires completion of a high school diploma (or equivalent). Some colleges or universities accept applicants based on other results, such as the General Education Development test, age and life experience, acceptance test, or other criteria.

In Canada, the difference between colleges and universities is significantly different from the typical interpretation in the United States or even the UK. Canadian colleges are more similar to American community colleges. In contrast, Canadian universities are comparable to American universities, and almost all Canadian universities have endowments of more than $ 20 million, most often above $ 100 million. It should be noted that almost all Canadian post-secondary schools are publicly funded (ie, government-subsidized). Some private institutions that are not supported by the government are completely unknown, generally only established since the 1980s, and most are located in British Columbia.

In the Canadian education system, which varies from one province to another, the college is geared towards people seeking a more specific technical career, such as graphic design or animation, while the university is tailored for individuals seeking a higher academic career where a university degree is a prerequisite for admission, such as medicine or law. There are other systems in place for students to enter traditional trades (called "skilled trades" in Canada), and some provinces have unique preparation systems or schools, such as the pre-university college level of Quebec.

Reception requirements

Admission to Canadian universities and universities has been an easy process since the 1970s. Students generally rank the institutions of their choice on a preference basis and submit their transcripts to the provincial app agency or service for evaluation. In most cases, acceptance is based entirely on the mark, with potential altitude depending on which province the applicant originated. Applicants in the province may have lower grade requirements than applicants outside the province. For example, a student enrolling from an Ontario secondary school to a university in Alberta or Quebec will likely need a slightly higher grade than that applied to any school in Ontario alone, where universities and colleges may have lower requirements for a provincial high school themselves. graduates.

In many cases, Canadian universities require high school student transcripts along with applications for admission. Applications for acceptance outline additional academic and extra curricular achievements that can not be expressed through student transcripts. Generally, universities require students to take a preliminary 12th level English language course. In addition, programs involving math and/or natural sciences often require students to take a 12th grade calculus course in the preparatory class, as well as the biology, chemistry, and physics of the 12th grade preparatory class. Overall, university acceptance around the academic performance of students at the university/advanced course in 11th and 12th grade. Also, most universities set a cut GPA to accept. These deductions are formed on the competitiveness of each program at a particular university. More competitive programs can cut an average of 90 percent or higher, while most prestigious programs maintain a cut of about 80 percent. Universities with more liberal application processes could get cuts as low as 65 percent. Students must take university/advanced level courses in grades 11 and 12 to apply for university.

Higher Education

College requirements vary significantly, although there is no entry requirement above 85 percent of Canadian secondary schools. But in general, many colleges (such as George Brown College, and Mohawk College) receive very high proportion of students with an average above 70 percent, although they may not limit the minimum acceptance, and consequently take students on average under 60 percent. Unlike universities, colleges do not have entry permits and as long as students have average graduation and required courses, they can gain admission to most colleges. Incidentally, even the newest Canadian university has a bigger waqf than any Canadian college, with no Canadian college having a donation above $ 10 million. View the list of universities in Canada through the blessing.

In addition, many educational systems in Canada have established various courses of varying intensity to reduce the future a student desires. Ontario has gone the furthest with this idea, building two different streams in their secondary education system. The university stream includes courses that will prepare students for future studies at the university, while the college stream is more applied and less intense, preparing individuals to pursue a bachelor's degree in the future. The university requires this advanced course to enter, while the college will receive students from one of the schools.

Custom case

Students with an IB Diploma can generally enter either college or university more easily than other Canadian high school students, due to the material covered in the program. Like students with AP credits, they can also cut out courses at universities with faculty approval.

In the case of more selected university programs, and for almost all international students, essays, intentions or personal experience statements should be submitted directly to the faculty being proposed. In addition, reference letters, examples of extracurricular involvement, additional community service efforts, athletic participation, awards and scholarships are won and more are required for admission to some of Canada's top programs.

Reception comparison

There are various highly competitive programs in Canadian institutions, equivalent to some of the high-end programs in the United States. Institutions such as the University of Toronto, the University of British Columbia, and McGill University find themselves ranked among the world's top universities. In addition, most (over 30%) of Canadian university graduates continue to pursue education beyond a bachelor's degree.

Postgraduate entry

The graduate school in Canada is similar to the rest of the world, restricted to universities (ie one can not get a master's degree from a Canadian college). Admission to postgraduate programs in Canada is difficult, with many universities having world-renowned programs, and Canadian graduate schools being the site for many famous inventions and discoveries.

See also

• University of Ontario (Ontario) Application Center
• Ontario College Application Services (Ontario).
• List of colleges in Canada
• List of universities in Canada
• Canadian Universities and Colleges Association
• List of universities in Canada by endowment

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Chile

At Chilean university enrollment as a freshman is based on the Prueba de SelecciÃÆ'³n Universitaria, PSU, scores and ratings of applicants. The Chilean Traditional University tends to give a strong emphasis on the Prueba de SelecciÃÆ'³n Universitaria while the majority of private universities use their own tests or handle PSU scores in different ways from the Chilean Traditional University. Architecture, theater, psychology and some medical schools also often provide high marks for special tests.

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Mainland China

In the People's Republic of China, the National College Entrance Exam (??, gaokao ) is provided every summer and is required for each student. This exam covers general school topics such as math, language, history, science, etc. Better institutions require a higher score to enter. The required score also varies by province: students in more competitive provinces, such as Jiangsu, require higher scores than students from less competitive areas such as Tibet. In contrast, more affluent cities have more universities per capita and hence lower university entrance standards than some of the poorer provinces like Anhui. In 2006 for example, the minimum grade for entering a key university for applicants from Beijing was 516 but the minimum score for applicants from Henan was 591.

A popular trend in recent years is for students to cancel the National College Entrance Examination for Western education programs to better prepare them for admission to US universities.

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Finnish

For Finland, see Numerus clausus in Finland

Some areas of study explicitly encourage applicants to assess their opportunities realistically. For example, a student may apply to only one medical school per year. Therefore, choosing to enroll in a more competitive medical school is risky, if students are unsure about their strengths.

For technology universities, there is a similar mechanism, but less stringent. The students get extra priority points, which can increase their points for first choice up to 12.5%. If a student is accepted in some program, he or she can not accept anyone other than the highest priority.

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German

In Germany, prospective students who have passed the Abitur may decide on which subject to be registered. Recently, however, in some of the most popular and most desirable subjects students have to pass a certain numerical clausus - that is, they can not register unless they have scored average minimums on their Abitur.

There are two types of higher education institutions in Germany, universities (including Technische Hochschulen ) and Fachhochschulen (polytechnics). Prospective students who have passed the Abitur qualify for admission to every German university, with the exception of very few new degree programs, to which additional additional entrance exams are recently introduced. A Fachhochschule, on the other hand, often requires students to complete an internship to qualify for admission.

There is also a second school that leaves the exam, which qualifies prospective students for entry into higher education in Germany, which is , often called Fachabitur in everyday use. Internships are already part of Fachhochschulreife itself, therefore Fachhochschule does not require additional internships from students. However, most universities do not accept this qualification for admission. The exception is the university in the German state of Hesse, which received this qualification since 2004 for admission to a Bachelor's degree program, but not to a traditional German diploma degree program. But with Fachhochschulreife (a university qualification in science), you can visit Fachhochschule (university of applied sciences) in Germany. You can see the difference between University/Technische Hochschule and Fachoberschule very quickly: A Fachhochschule is often the words "University of Applied Science" next to its name.

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Greek

In Greece there is a panhellenic inspection ( ??????????? , panelinies ) after the student completes the likio.

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Hong Kong

All state universities in Hong Kong accept local students under the Joint University Program Acceptance System (JUPAS).

In the old system, HKALE

The main criteria for selection are the HKALE results, and to a lesser extent the HKCEE results and interview performance.

In the new HKDSE system

The main criteria for selection is the result of HKDSE. For fewer interview shows and for high school performance even smaller.

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Iceland

Both state and private universities in Iceland handle their own admissions. Students enroll for a particular course and each program has its own requirements. This is usually a matriculation test but sometimes the minimum amount of credit in a particular subject in the gym or even passing the entrance test is required. Foreign students must register half a year before the first semester but the deadline for Nordic citizens is not as restrictive as it is.

India

Most Indian universities participate in one or centralized admissions procedure. In the summer of 2011, Indian agencies expect a 100% score to gain recognition, highlighting the crisis of confidence in the quality of higher education in general as well as the limited acceptance process. 2013 National tests and interviews are conducted by an independent body consisting of members of the participating organizations. Small weights are given for past academic records of applicants and more for their exam results. Applicants are ranked by exam scores, and submit university/program preferences based on their rank and choice. Some common entry tests like that are:

• Joint Entrance Exam (JEE), undergraduate exam for sixteen Indian Institute of Technology (IIT);
• General Admission Test (CAT), XAT, JMAT, MAT or SNAP, graduation exams for Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) and other business schools;
• Graduate Admission Test of Engineering (GATE), postgraduate exam for IIT;
• All Indian Engineering Entry Entry (AIEEE) for admission to Bachelor degree in Engineering and Architecture/Design;
• Pre Medical Test (PMT) -held by CBSE; entrance exams for admission to the MBBS program;
• Registration of Bachelor Degree in General Flow

However, things have now changed and AIEEE is changed to JEE (MAIN). And the previous JEE for IIT has been changed to JEE (Advanced). All students must first qualify JEE (MAIN) to be able to appear in JEE (Advanced) under certain criteria. Students must be at 20 percent of their respective councils. Their JEE (MAIN) scores will be formulated by combining the 40% score of their Board Exam and 60% of their JEE paper score (MAIN). Only pure JEE scores (ADVANCED) will be considered for selection in IIT. JEE (Main) will have the same pattern as the previous AIEEE. JEE (ADVANCED) will have the same pattern as the previous JEE. System changes occur from 2012.

Countries have their own admissions and admissions policies. For example, the state of Maharashtra uses the HSC test as a prerequisite for entering graduate school and using the SSC test as a prerequisite for entering Junior-level colleges as well as the College Level Diploma. In addition 15% is provided for NRI/Foreign students. Recently a medical exam known as PMT was dropped with the introduction of a national exam known as NEET.

Indonesia

In Indonesia, University and School Reception depend on University or College Status. Generally, the State University performs their acceptance in two integrated systems by 2017. National admissions to state universities are subsidized by the government and students who successfully enter the university from either of the two schemes will enjoy lower than the cost of a free university program. The first alternative is SNMPTN (National Selection of State-Unified National Public Admission). SNMPTN is a university admissions scheme based on academic achievement during the senior high school years. This selection system is designed only for students who graduate during the year only. Choices SNMPTN considers several criteria such as student academic value and appearance, achievement, flow or class type (sciene or social, AP or Regular) and comes from secondary school. However, not all senior students can apply, usually only 50% of the graduating classes can enroll for 'A' accredited schools and lower quotas for other accreditations. According to the law of the Ministry of Higher Education, total admissions to a state university must be at least 30% of SNMPTN; every university can allocate more. The second alternative is SBMPTN (Open University Entrance Test Entrance State College-Unified Public). SBMPTN is a university admission where you take two or three tests (aptitude test, science test, and/or social science test), applicants will also be required to submit to practical sessions if the chosen majors are art, music, or physical education. You also choose 3 different majors and/or universities. This exam is held nationally once a year and unlike SNMPTN, open to senior high school graduates in the last 3 years. Many students repeat or take pause to take back SBMPTN to enter the university they want. According to the Ministry of Higher Education, at least 30% of all public university quota must be recognized from SBMPTN. However, most state universities allocate 60% and above for SBMPTN due to the ever-high student success rate received from this scheme. SBMPTN is known for its extremely difficult questions and challenging time management difficulties. The test is also held CBT (Computer Based) starting last year. Most universities do self-selection mechanism in addition to SNMPTN and SBMPTN such as SIMAK or PPKB from Universitas Indonesia or UTUL from Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). These are called special programs because they tend to be more expensive because of the incentives that these programs are not under government subsidies. Meanwhile, the Private University usually performs their acceptance before and after the Public University Entrance. They sometimes do some reception. Government Institutions Institutions independently accept them (excluding United Nations National Acceptance) and will usually have their own scheme for selection.

ireland

In Ireland, students in their final year of secondary education apply to the Central App Office, listing some courses at one of the third tier institutions in the order of preference. Students then receive points based on their Graduation Certificate, and places on the course are offered to those who apply for the highest earning points.

Israel

In Israel there is a test called The Psychometric Entrance Test (PET). PET covers three areas: mathematics, verbal reasoning and English. It is administered by the Israeli National Institute for Testing and Evaluation (NITE). University admissions are usually based on a weighted average ("mit'am") of PET scores and GPAs from Bagrut (High School Graduation Exam). In addition, some programs in science and engineering require applicants to include a maximum number of units ("5 units") for math.

Some programs have two cutoffs for mit'am, which are higher for "guaranteed reception" and lower for "auto rejection". Mit'am score between two cutoffs is acceptable based on space availability.

Palestine

In Palestine there is the National Exam and Evaluation Center.

In Palestine, students are required to undergo the Tawjihi exam, which then allows the university (In the West Bank) to consider each student.

Japanese

In Japan, there are at least three methods for controlling university acceptance: the AO method (involving letters of recommendation for students who have performed reasonably well and have demonstrated commitment and skills in relation to sports or other extracurricular activities), a centralized multiple choice test known as the Central Test National for University Admissions, and entrance exams set by each university. Combination methods can also be used. For state universities, the Central Test is often used as an initial screening stage to determine eligibility to take the more difficult exams set by each university. National public universities usually require candidates to take exams in various subjects, while private ones allow for a focus on art and humanities or science, reducing the burden of preparation. However, national public universities are popular because of prestige and lower cost, although some private universities are more prestigious than certain national state universities. There is usually no limitation on the number of colleges in which a student may apply but the national university of the country is likely to hold their examinations on one of two days, which means that students should in practice elect two preferred national state universities and also correctly estimate their own the ability to avoid choosing a university exam that is too difficult or too easy. To help this, private companies run a number of mock exams throughout the year, allowing candidates to measure their ratings compared to other candidates across the country. Based on this, they will decide which exams they should be able to try realistically. Reforms will be added to the Test Center in the future, with expanded answer questions introduced in addition to multiple choice questions, and with internationally recognized recognized standardized tests in English that are used to replace individual university exams in English.

Korean

In Korea there is a national center for the exam that takes place every year around November called su-neung. Many students are preparing for this test from high school beginning throughout their high school. It's very big in Korea, and you can choose which subject you follow.

Malta

In Malta the entrance is done after doing well in the test which is a local version equivalent to the General Certificate of Education.

Dutch

In the Netherlands, prospective students must choose, two years before graduation, for this type of graduation (eg type of graduation of natural sciences). Subjects at Dutch universities are free to accept all students who have chosen the correct type of graduation (eg to register in physics, 'natural science' type of graduation is required). All other students must pass the exam to be registered (this is an exception). Popular subjects, such as medicine or dentistry, have numerus fixus, which means that some students may apply for this subject at a particular university. To decide who is allowed, the lottery is held where the values ​​affect the chosen opportunity (indirect and incomplete numerical clauses).

Nigeria

In Nigeria, university, polytechnic, monotechnical, and academic and agricultural academy admissions are managed by a central federal government agency known as Joint Admission and Matriculation Board, JAMB. The body undertakes an Integrated Tertiary Matriculation Test (UTME) for university, polytechnic, monotechnical, and college student education and agricultural students seeking entry into tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Students who get a minimum score of 180 in JAMB_UME are invited by their chosen institution for a second entrance exam called a Post MoU aptitude test conducted by an individual tertiary institution.

Norway

In Norway, candidates are admitted to entry-level courses through the University's Admissions Service and the Norwegian College, which ranks eligible students based on the points scheme, which is based on grades and levels of specialization and study options in senior secondary school, as well as age. At the Masters level acceptance is based on an average grade at the undergraduate level.

Pakistan

In Pakistan, public and private universities hold admission tests for undergraduate and graduate admissions either by the university itself or by NTS. The quota system in Pakistan is also used to provide preference to students from disadvantaged areas.

To enter in an engineering and medical degree, ECAT and MDCAT are taken respectively. Appearance in this exam is compulsory for every student to pursue a degree in this discipline in public sector universities.

Portugal

In Portugal getting into higher education studies requires high school credentials, Diploma de Ensino SecundÃÆ'¡rio , achieved after completion of the first twelve years of study. Students should study the subjects they enter to be prepared for entrance exams. Also they were asked to be previously specialized in a particular area in high school, one of the following four: Science and Technology, Economics, Language or Art. Students sit for one or more entrance exams, Concurso nacional for public institutions or local Concurso for private institutions. In addition to passing the admission exam, students must meet specific prerequisites for the selected course. Registration is limited; each year the institution determines the number of places available. For public institutions, the exam scores are calculated for the final evaluation, which includes the average grade of secondary school. Then the students have to choose six institutions/courses they like, in a preferential order. People, who attain the necessary markings to attend the desired institution/course, given the given blank, will be accepted. Some public university courses demand a higher acceptance mark than most similar programs in some polytechnic institutes or private institutions. ( see also Education in Portugal )

Russian

Traditionally, universities and institutes conduct their own admissions tests regardless of the applicant's school record. There is no uniform size of graduate ability; signs issued by secondary schools are deemed inappropriate because of variations in assessments between schools and regions. In 2003, the Department of Education launched a state exam program (USE). Standardized test sets for high school graduates are issued uniformly across the country and are judged independent of student schools, similar to the North American SAT, which should replace the entrance exam to a state university. Thus, the reformers reasoned that the USE will empower talented graduates from remote locations to compete for acceptance at their chosen universities, while eliminating bribery-related revenue, then estimated at $ 1 billion annually. In 2003, 858 university and college workers were charged with bribery, receiving "fees" at MGIMO allegedly reached 30,000 US dollars.

The heads of universities, especially rector of Moscow State University Viktor Sadovnichiy, reject new things, arguing that their schools can not survive without burdening the applicants with their own barriers. Nevertheless, the lawmakers enacted the USE in February 2007. In 2008 it was compulsory for students and optional for the university; it is entirely mandatory since 2009. Some higher education institutions are still allowed to introduce their own admission tests in addition to USE scores; such tests should be published first. ( see also Education in Russia )

Saudi Arabia

Entry into college in Saudi Arabia depends on the high school grades as well as a number of standardized tests called Qiyas Tests prepared by the National Center for Assessment in Higher Education .

Swedish

Enrollment in Sweden requires completion of secondary education, along with appropriate specific qualifications (eg high school science to study science in college). Prospective students are accepted on average or SAT, although majors such as theater and architecture may require some additional work.

Thai

In general, Thailand uses a centralized admissions system. In this system, students expecting completion of secondary school or equivalent are expected to take many exams. All it takes for most universities is the Ordinary National Education Test (O-NET) aimed at testing basic knowledge across the following subjects required under Thai law:

• Thai Language and Literature
• English
• Maths
• Comprehensive Science
• Social Studies
• Health Education
• Art and Culture

Students can then use the O-NET test scores to apply to a particular university through a direct admissions system by taking tests conducted by a particular university. However, most students still use a centralized admissions system. In this system, they are expected to take two other aptitude tests, aiming to test their ability to succeed at the university. The first is the General Aptitude Test (GAT). GAT tests the candidate's reasoning and English proficiency skills. It asks students to connect and identify relationships between events. The English section is comparable to the TOEFL test, but is completely objective in nature. Both the O-NET and GAT exams are printed by the computer.

The second test is the Professional Aptitude Test (PAT). Students may choose to take the tests requested by the program they are applying for. Therefore, they do not need to take all tests like O-NET. The subjects offered are as follows:

• Advanced Mathematics, examines students' abilities in discrete mathematics, pure mathematics, and descriptive mathematics, including Calculus and Statistics. This test is completely objective, consisting of several choices and responses generated by students.
• Science. It is divided into three parts, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. Students must take all parts. This test is completely objective. It contains most of the multiple-choice questions, but sometimes the responses the students generate as well.
• Engineering Aptitude. It tests the candidate's ability in Physics and Chemistry as well as their ability to apply their knowledge. This test is completely objective, consisting of several choices and responses generated by students.
• Aptitude Architecture. It tests candidate skills in non-numerical Physics and talents in art and basic design. There is a question that asks students to design the room with furniture provided. These questions are fully objective and valued by the computer. This test contains a subjective section, testing the candidate's ability to sketch and draw
• Special Education Professional Skills. It tests the moral standards of students and the ability to work with students as teachers.
• Smooth and Applied Art. It tests candidate knowledge in visual arts, music theory, performing arts.
• Language. Since English has been tested in GAT, PAT tests candidates' ability in other modern languages. Candidates can choose from France, Germany, Japan, China, Arab, and Pali.

Students are responsible for reporting all values ​​to a central acceptance system. They are asked to choose the program or faculty they want to learn. After that, different mathematical formulas are used to weigh the students' scores for the program. For example, Pharmacology requires a high score on Science, while Economics requires a high score in Mathematics. After the score is weighed, students are offered a decision only according to their score. Some exceptions may occur in the program, as well as applied art as students are required to submit portfolios for consideration.

The only exceptions to centralized admissions systems and direct receiving systems are Medicine and Dentistry, which have their own admissions system. Students need to take the following tests in order to qualify for consideration:

• Math
• Thai Language and Literature
• English
• Physics
• Chemicals
• Biology
• Social Studies
• The Special Aptitude of Medicine and Dentistry. This test includes a rigorous reasoning test as in the first section of GAT. It also includes an Ethics test and analysis and reading synthesis. In the Ethics section, students are asked to choose the 3 most "ethical" decisions based on the situation described. In reading the synthesis section, they are given time to read the article, then the article is taken. They were asked to answer some of the selection questions in that section.

Student scores are also weighed, and acceptance decisions are made appropriately.

Turkish

In Turkey, the Student Selection and Placement Center ÃÆ' â € "SYM is the body responsible for regulating ÃÆ'â €" SS, national university entrance exams.

United Kingdom

In the UK there is a separate admissions process for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. There is also an Open University which has an open door policy .

Undergraduate entry

Application process

The United Kingdom has a centralized admissions system for higher education at undergraduate level, UCAS. In general, students are not accepted at universities and colleges as a whole, but for specific courses of study.

During the first few months (September to December) of the final year of school or college in sixth form (age 17/18) or after leaving school, the applicants register on the UCAS website and choose five courses at higher education institutions (fewer options are allowed to more competitive subjects like medicine and veterinary medicine). If the applicant is still in school, the teacher will give him the predicted value for A-level, Highers or IB subjects, which are then used for the application. If the applicant has left the school, he applies with the results already obtained. Applicants must give a personal statement explaining in their own words why they want to study a particular subject and why they will become committed students, and their school should provide academic references. Some universities (eg Oxford, Cambridge, Manchester, Imperial College, King's College London or University College London) and some disciplines (eg Medicine) routinely require candidates who are elected to attend an interview and/or complete a special admission test before deciding whether to file offer or not.. In the absence of tests and interviews, personal statements and references can be decisive, as many students tend to apply to competitive courses with similar predictive and actual values.

In general, applications must be accepted mid-January for courses starting in the next Fall. But the deadline was three months earlier, in mid-October, where applications included courses in medicine, dentistry or veterinary medicine, or courses at Oxbridge.

For each course applied, the applicant receives a response from the institution: refusal, conditional offer or unconditional offer. If conditional bids are accepted, students can only take place in the field if they then meet the stated requirement: usually a particular value achievement in the upcoming exam. If no offers are received after the initial application, or the applicant does not want to take any offers, UCAS may be used. Applicants can then apply to one program at a time to try to find the appropriate offer.

Upon receipt of the offer, either after the initial application, or through UCAS, the applicant selects two programs whose bid has been made: first choice and second choice. If the conditions of the first choice offer are then met, the applicant may attend this course. If applicants do not qualify for their first choice, but meet the requirements of their second "insurance" option, they can attend their second choice course. If they fail to meet the requirements of both offers, they may choose to go through "clearing". This involves calling or sending their application to a different university in the hope of finding a place in another course. Many students managed to find a place through this route.

Factors affecting revenue

Whether admitting an applicant to a course is entirely the decision of each university. They will base their decisions on a variety of factors, but especially the predicted or accepted value of school extraction tests. As more and more applicants reach higher and higher scores in the A level test, most universities also use secondary acceptance criteria. This may include results in GCSE or Standard class exams (or equivalents), references given to the application and information provided on personal statements. Personal statements can often be a deciding factor between two similar candidates so that small industries have sprung up offering fake personal statements at a cost. UCAS uses the software "detection of similarities" to detect personal statements that have been written by third parties or copied from other sources, and the university may refuse the application for this reason.

Personal statements generally explain why applicants want to study the subject they have applied, what makes them suitable for studying the subject, what makes them suitable for general undergraduate study, whatever work experience they have gained, their extracurricular activities and factors other. This is the only way the teacher receives can usually get an impression of what a candidate is and assess the applicant's commitment to the subject.

In addition to the information provided on the UCAS form, some universities ask candidates to attend the interview. Oxford and Cambridge almost always interview applicants, except, based on the UCAS form and/or acceptance test, they do not believe that applicants have the opportunity to enter. Other universities may opt for interviews, albeit in only a few subjects and on a much smaller scale, because they already screen the majority of candidates. The interview gives the admissions tutor another opportunity to assess the candidate's suitability for the course.

Universities are increasingly pressured by the central government to accept people from wider social backgrounds. The social background can only be assessed based on the type of school attended, as there is no information about the income or background required on the UCAS form.

Another important determinant of whether an offer should be made is the amount of competition to enter the course. The more competitive the course, the less likely the offer will be made and, therefore, the stronger the application. Applicants for medicine are often expected to have extensive work experience in relevant fields to demonstrate their commitment to the course. For the most competitive programs, less than 10% of applications can generate acceptance, whereas in less competitive universities, almost all applicants can accept incoming bids.

Ultimately, however, no matter how much extra-curricular activity and work experience has been done, if the acceptance tutor does not believe, based on the results of the proposed exam, the candidate is academically able to complete the course, he will not confess.

Eligible candidates enrolled under UCAS for five competitive courses for each of which only 10% of eligible candidates are admitted will only have a 40% chance of receiving at least one acceptance offer. Alternatively, if five less competitive courses each have a 33% acceptance rate selected, the opportunity to receive at least one offer is more than 85%. This implies that strategies to increase the chances of receiving at least one offer, up to perhaps 70%, are indicated even to qualified candidates. It is true to know that to be admitted to a UK university, admission tests are not identified as the most important as the main determining factor of admission to college. Surveys show that strong grades in college preparatory classes are important factors that can help you enter university in an easier way.

Postgraduate entry

All apps are made directly to a university or college, without limitation the number of courses that can be applied.

United States

In the United States, high school students enroll in four-year colleges and universities, where undergraduate students can earn a Bachelor's Degree. Others attend a community college or two-year institution. These students can earn a technical degree, two year Associate degree, and/or prepare for transfer to a four-year institution. Non-traditional students are usually students over the age of 22 who pursue studies in higher education. Students may apply to many institutions using the Public Application. However, by 2015-2016 the general application only offers applications to 644 of the United States 3,039 four-year colleges. Nevertheless, an average of 94% of students enroll online for the fall of 2014. There is no limit on the number of colleges or universities where a student can apply, although the application must be submitted for each. Fees are generally charged for each receiving application, but may be exempt based on financial requirements.

Students enroll into one or more colleges or universities by submitting an application that each evaluation college uses its own criteria. The college then decides whether or not to extend the entry offer (and possibly financial assistance) to the students. The majority of colleges recognize students to college as a whole, and not to certain academic departments, although this may not be the case in some special programs such as engineering and architecture and may have more impact on a particular department. Decentralized system: each college has its own criteria to accept, even when using a general application form.

Common criteria include ACT or SAT scores, extracurricular activities, GPA, demonstrated integrity, and essay admission essays. Further criteria are used for various levels, including athletic ability, student interest on campus, inherited preferences (family members attending school), race, ability to pay full tuition, the potential to contribute money to school (development case) desired class composition (especially diversity, including racial, geographic and national diversity, and diversity of class interests), appropriate perceptions, subjective evaluation of student character (based on essay or interview), and general policy by the admissions office. The importance of various factors varies between universities, and selectivity varies significantly, as measured by the level of acceptance (which depends both on the selective and the number and type of applicants). The admissions rate can range from 100% (schools receiving everyone with a high school diploma) to below 10%.

See also

• Reception essay
• College admission in the United States
• College app
• Education consultant
• Unauthorized enrollment
• Open acceptance
• Open-door academic policy
• Destination statement
• Transfer transfers in the United States

References

External links

• College Board Organization that manages SAT and AP exams; lots of useful information about college admissions coupled with college and university databases that can be searched
• College Insider Free lecture planning advice from the New Hampshire Center for College Planning.
• Online Collective Opportunities A searchable college statistics managed by the US Department of Education
• The General Applications Form is accepted by over 300 colleges and universities in the United States. Free to use, can submit applications online.
• College Entrance Admission: Who Wins and Who Loses? a video produced by Massachusetts School of Law
• American Association of Registrars and Introduction Associations (AACRAO) Professional associations for admissions practitioners of universities and universities.
• UAC University Acceptance (UAC) processes applications for graduate degrees, diplomas, graduate programs and Equity Scholarships at participating Australian institutions.

Source of the article : Wikipedia