Joseph Cornell (December 24, 1903 - December 29, 1972) is an American artist and filmmaker, one of the most famous pioneers and exponents of the collection. Influenced by surrealists, he was also an avant-garde experimental filmmaker. He was largely self-taught in his artistic endeavors, and improvised his own original style that incorporated artefacts that were thrown and discarded. He lived most of his life in relative physical isolation, caring for his mother and his disabled brother at home, but remaining conscious and in touch with other contemporary artists.
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Joseph Cornell was born in Nyack, New York, to Joseph Cornell, a fine textile designer and merchant, and Helen TenBroeck Storms Cornell, who has been trained as a nursery teacher. The Cornells has four children: Joseph, Elizabeth (b) 1905), Helen (b 1906), and Robert (born 1910). Both parents are from prominent, socially-reputed, Dutch-born families of the New York State. Cornell's father died in 1917, leaving the family in a state of tension. After the death of old Cornell, his wife and children moved to the Queens area of ​​New York City. Cornell attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, in the 1921 class, although he did not graduate.
Except for the three and a half years he spent at Phillips, he lived for much of his life in a small wooden framed house on the Utopia Parkway in the working-class Flushing area, along with his mother and brother. Robert, whose cerebral palsy has been physically challenged. Aside from the period he spent at the academy at Andover, Cornell never traveled outside the New York City area.
Cornell is wary of strangers. This makes him isolate himself and become self-taught artist. Although he expressed an interest in an inaccessible woman like Lauren Bacall, her embarrassment made romantic relations almost impossible. Later on, the shy nature turned into an open attitude, and he rarely left the state of New York. However, she prefers to talk to women, and often keeps their husbands waiting in the next room when she discusses business with them. He also has a lot of friendships with the ballerinas, who find it unique, but too eccentric to be a romantic couple.
He devotes his life to the care of his younger brother, Robert, who is disabled and lives with cerebral palsy, which is another factor in the lack of relationships. At some point in the 1920s, or perhaps earlier, he read Mary Baker Eddy's writings, including Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures . Cornell considers Eddy's works to be among the most important books ever published after the Bible, and he became a Christian lifelong Christian. Christian Science's beliefs and practices inform Cornell's art in depth, as art historian Sandra Leonard Starr points out.
He was also rather poor for most of his life, working during the 1920s as a wholesale fabric seller to support his family. As a result of the Great Depression America, Cornell lost his textile industry work in 1931, and worked for a short time thereafter as a door-to-door salesman. During this time, through his friendship with Ethel Traphagen, Cornell's mother gave him a part-time position to design textiles. In the 1940s, Cornell also worked on plant nurseries (which will search for his famous "GC44") and briefly in a defense factory, and design a cover and display the layout for Harper's Bazaar , < i> View , Dance Index , and other magazines. He only really started selling his boxes for a significant amount after his solo performances in 1949 at the Charles Egan Gallery.
Cornell finally started a passionate, but platonic relationship with Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama when he lived in New York in the mid-1960s. He was twenty-six years younger than him; they call each other every day, sketch each other, and he'll send a personalized collage for him. Their long association lasted even after he returned to Japan, ending only with his death in 1972.
In 1967, the artist was reported to have two or three original images from Antoine de Saint-Exupà ©  © y The Little Prince . Wife of the excluded Saint-ExupÃÆ' © yr, Consuelo, also an artist and sculptor.
Cornell ended his career as a highly respected artist but still not in the spotlight. He produced fewer boxes in the 1950s and 1960s, when his family's responsibilities increased and claimed more time. He hired a series of young assistants, including students and artists, to help him organize material, create artwork, and perform tasks. At the moment, Cornell is concentrating on making collages, and collaborating with filmmakers like Rudy Burckhardt, Stan Brakhage, and Larry Jordan to make motion-sensing motion pictures.
Cornell's brother Robert died in 1965, and his mother in 1966. Joseph Cornell died of heart failure on December 29, 1972, just days after his sixty-ninth birthday. Inheritors are Richard Ader and Wayne Andrews, represented by art dealers Leo Castelli, Richard Feigen, and James Corcoran. Later, Joseph and Robert Cornell Memorial Foundation were established, which manages the copyright of Cornell's works and represents the interests of his heirs. Currently, the Foundation is managed by Supervisors, Richard Ader, and Joseph Erdman.
The first major museum retrospective Cornell, entitled The Work Exhibition by Joseph Cornell opened at the Pasadena Art Museum (now Norton Simon Museum) in December 1966, curated by the legendary museum director Walter Hopps who traveled to Solomon. R. Guggenheim Museum in New York.
In 1970, the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York incised the retrospective of its second large collagen museum, curated by the famous Henry Geldzahler.
In 1972, the Joseph Cornell Children's Exhibition was held at a gallery in Cooper Union which was a show he arranged specifically for children, with boxes shown at the height of the child and with the opening party which serves soft drinks and cakes. Another retrospective was held at Albright-Knox in 1972.
In 1980, Cornell became the retrospective subject of his fourth major museum at MoMA as part of a series of exhibitions celebrating the 50th Anniversary.
In 2007, Cornell became the retrospective subject of the fifth major museum in SFMOMA which traveled to the Smithsonian American Art Museum and the Peabody Essex Museum.
In 2015, Cornell became the retrospective subject of the sixth major museum at the Royal Academy of Arts in London which traveled to the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna.
Maps Joseph Cornell
Sculpture and collage
Cornell's most distinctive artwork is a collection of boxes made from found objects. It is a simple shadow box, usually fronted by a glass panel, where it organizes fragments of eclectic photographs or Victorian tricot bikes, by combining the formal savings of Constructivism with a living Surrealism fantasy. Many of the boxes, such as the famous Medici Slot Machine box, are interactive and intended to be handled.
Like Kurt Schwitters, Cornell can create poetry from the ordinary. However, unlike Schwitters, he was fascinated not by the garbage, the garbage and the discarded garbage but by the fragments of beautiful and precious objects he found on his frequent journeys to bookstores and thrift stores in New York. The boxes depend on the surrealist usage of irrational alignment, and on the awakening of nostalgia, for their appeal.
Cornell never considered himself a surrealist; although he admired the works and techniques of Surrealists like Max Ernst and Renà © Å © Magritte, he denied the "black magic" Surreal, claiming that he just wanted to make white magic with his art. Cornell's fame as a prominent American "Surrealist" enabled him to befriend some members of the surrealist movement when they settled in the United States during the Second World War. Later he claimed to be the carrier of pop art and installation art.
Cornell often creates a series of boxes that reflect his interests: Bubble Bubble Sets , Medici Slot Machine series, Pink Palace series , Hotel series , the Observatory series, and The Space Objects Box , among others. Also captivated by birds, Cornell created a series of Aviary plaids, in which colored images of various birds were mounted on wood, cut, and mounted against a hard white background.
In addition to making boxes and collages flat and making short art films, Cornell also stores a filing system of over 160 visual documentary documents on themes that interest him; they serve as repositories where Cornell draws material and inspiration for boxes like Lauren Bacall's "penny arcade" portrait. She has no formal training in the arts, although she is very well read and well versed in the New York art scene from the 1940s to the 1960s.
The methodology described in the monograph by Charles Simic as:
Somewhere in New York City there are four or five unknown items that belong together. Once together they will create works of art. That is Cornell's premise, metaphysics, and his religion.... Marcel Duchamp and John Cage use an opportunity operation to get rid of the artist's subjectivity. To Cornell otherwise. Applying opportunities is expressing himself and his obsession.
Cornell is heavily influenced by American Transcendentalists, Hollywood stars (to whom he sends boxes dedicated to them), French symbolic such as StÃÆ'  © phane Mallarmà ©  © and GÃÆ'  © rard de Nerval, and 19th century ballet dancers such as Marie Taglioni and Fanny Cerrito.
Experimental movie
Joseph Cornell's 1936 montage film-found Rose Hobart was made entirely from splicing together an existing stock of film that Cornell found in New Jersey warehouses, mostly derived from the 1931 movie "B" entitled East Kalimantan. Cornell will play the Nestor Amaral Vacation in Brazil record during rare screening, as well as projecting the film through glass or blue filters, giving the movie a dream effect. Focusing primarily on the movements and expressions made by Rose Hobart (the original movie star), this Cornell dreamcape appears to be in some kind of suspension to the most endearing sequence of the movie towards the end, when a solar eclipse footage juxtaposed with a white ball falls into a puddle in slow motion.
Cornell premiered the film at Gallery Julien Levy in December 1936 during the first Surrealist exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York. Salvador DalÃÆ', who was in New York to attend the opening of MoMA, was present at his first screening. During the screening, DalÃÆ' angered at the movie Cornell, claiming that he just had the same idea to apply the collage technique to the movie. After the screening, DalÃÆ' told Cornell that he had to keep making boxes and stop making movies. Traumatized by this show, Cornell is shy, backing down showing his films rarely afterward.
Joseph Cornell continued to experiment with the film until his death in 1972. While his previous films were often collages of short films found, his films were then montage together, he was clearly commissioned from professional filmmakers with whom he collaborate. These last films are often placed in some of Cornell's favorite neighborhoods and landmarks in New York City: Mulberry Street, Bryant Park, Union Square Park, and Third Avenue Elevated Railway, among others.
In 1969 Cornell provided his own film collection and other works to the Anthology Film Archives in New York City.
Selected movieography
- Rose Hobart (1936)
- Children's Party (c. 1940)
- Cotillion (c. 1940)
- Midnight Party (c. 1940)
- The Aviary (1955)
- Gnir Rednow (1956) (created with Stan Brakhage)
- Mulberry Street (1957)
- Boy Games (1957)
- June Centuries (1955) (created with Stan Brakhage)
- Nymphlight (1957)
- Flushing Meadows (c. 1965) (made with Larry Jordan)
- A Legend for Fountains (1957-1965)
- Bookstalls (1973)
- At Night with Torch and Spear (1979)
Cultural Reference
- Anne Tyler Celestial Navigation (1974) is a fictional invention to be Joseph Cornell.
- Novelis cyberpunk, William Gibson used the discovery of a mysterious box similar to Joseph Cornell as a narrative element in his novel
Count Zero (1984). - The Dutch pop band The Nits released the song, "Soap Bubble Box", on their 1992 album Ting , about seeing some of Cornell's boxes at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. The song was a small hit in the Netherlands.
- In 1992, the poet Charles Simic published a prose collection inspired by and with a picture by Joseph Cornell: Dime-Store Alchemy, The Art of Joseph Cornell (published by New York Review Books, originally published by Hopewell , NJ: Ecco Press).
- Singer and songwriter Mary Chapin Carpenter imagined Cornell about his creative life in the song "Idea is like a star", found in his 1996 album A Place in the World .
- Novel Michael Chabon The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay (2000) envisioned Joseph Cornell at a party hosted by Salvador DalÃÆ'. Chabon wrote, "Most [party visitors] seem to be Americans - Peter Blume, Edwin Dickinson, a shy man named Joseph Cornell - who shares the air with steel rings, Yankee's honesty surrounded like their inner Pandemonium edges."
- The English band The Clientele has a song titled "Joseph Cornell" on the 2001 group album Suburban Light .
- Anthology Jonathan Safran Foo
(2001) is a collection of fiction and poetry inspired by Cornell's work. Foer, then a scholar, gathered all his favorite writers to contribute to the collection by sending each one a Cornell bird box, and an explanation of the project. He was surprised when famous writers such as Joyce Carol Oates, Rick Moody, and Barry Lopez responded to his request with Cornell inspired works. - The Canadian poet and first novelist Michael Redhill
(2001) tells about a fictional collage artist whose work is similar to Joseph Cornell. - American Novelis and short story writer Robert Coover published a series of stories titled The Grand Hotels (from Joseph Cornell) in 2002. Similar to a short tale, the story refers to a variety of themes and images in the Serial box at Cornell's Hotels .
- The Wassmann Foundation in Washington, D.C., launched the fictitious artist Johann Dieter Wassmann (1841-1898) during the Napoleon Bleeding exhibition at the Melbourne International Arts Festival (2003), Melbourne, Australia. The artist is accused of being the pioneer of German Modernism, but his work has the same resemblance to the work of Cornell.
- The game Charles L. Mee Hotel Cassiopeia (2006) is based on Joseph Cornell's life.
- Singer/songwriter Thomas Comerford released the album Archive Spiral in 2011 which contained a song titled "Joseph Cornell". This song is described as less than a tribute and more meditation on the mood requested by the artist.
Art market
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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