Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa is one of the best known and famous works of art in the world, and also one of the most replicated and reinterpreted. Mona Lisa replica has been painted during Leonardo's time by his own students and his contemporaries. Some are claimed to be Leonardo's own works, and remain disputed by scholars. Famous 20th-century artists such as Marcel Duchamp and Salvador DalÃÆ' have also produced derivative works, manipulating images of Mona Lisa to fit their own aesthetics. Replicating Renaissance works continues to be a way for aspiring artists to perfect their painting techniques and prove their skills.
Mona Lisa's contemporary replica is often made in conjunction with events or exhibitions associated with Leonardo da Vinci, for publication. The portrait, which is considered a public domain and therefore beyond copyright protection, has also been exploited to make political statements. Recognized even by people who have no artistic background, just using the name Mona Lisa - is immortalized in Academy Award-winning lyrics sung by Nat King Cole (Best Original Song, 1950) - able to mobilize public interest and intrigue. In addition to the countless print reproductions of Leonardo's original copy of Mona Lisa on postcards, coffee cups and T-shirts, the likenesses have also been re-imagined using coffee, toast, seaweed, Rubik's Cubes, and computer chips, to name just a few. Now, more than five hundred years since its creation, the influence of the Mona Lisa is reinforced by every reinterpretation.
Video Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations
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At the beginning of the 16th century, Leonardo da Vinci was commissioned by Florentine nobleman Francesco del Giocondo to paint his wife portrait, Lisa. This portrait is believed to have been performed between 1503 and 1506. Leonardo's portrait of Mona Lisa ("Mona" or "Monna" being Italian honor for "Madame") has been on display as part of a permanent collection at the Louvre Paris museum since 1797. This is also known as La Joconde in French and La Gioconda in Italian, and has been known by other names in the past. There is a new study that sets the beginning of the Mona Lisa on a previously thought-out, pre-1478 date contrary to the Vasari narrative. The Mona Lisa replica dates back to the 16th century, including sculptures and paintings inspired by paintings. But even in the early twentieth century, historian Donald Sassoon has declared, "Mona Lisa" is still "only a painting honored by a distinguished old teacher, hanging in one of the world's greatest museums.". "The picture has not gained an iconic status, and, added Sassoon, is" the most valuable painting in the Louvre. "The theft of the painting on August 11, 1911, and the subsequent media uproar surrounding its investigation and recovery are the factors that spark public interest and catapult Mona Lisa to its current position.
Mona Lisa is in the public domain and is free to exploit, explaining its reproduction in everything from postcards to coffee cups, without legal effect. Artistic replication and reinterpretation as a whole - showing adequate modification - considered new works for copyright protection. A great example is Marcel Duchamp's artist LHOOQ , a 1919 artwork in which Duchamp embellished the print reproductions of Leonardo's Mona Lisa just by adding a beard ( displayed in below ). While copyright laws do not protect Leonardo Mona Lisa , Duchamp L.H.O.O.Q. is included in the copyright law parameters that are the work of new . For such reasons, Mona Lisa is usually referred to academically in a copyright course.
Maps Mona Lisa replicas and reinterpretations
Isleworth Mona Lisa
The version of Mona Lisa known as Isleworth Mona Lisa and also known as Previous Mona Lisa was first purchased by the English nobleman in 1778 and rediscovered on in 1913 by Hugh Blaker, an art expert. The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation.
This is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci Mona Lisa . This painting is claimed by the majority of experts for most of Leonardo's original work dating from the early 16th century: a survey of all published opinions indicates that 22 experts believe that the main part of Isleworth Mona Lisa is Leonardo da Vinci.
In 2015 and 2016, peer-reviewed academic publications on the subject affirm attribution to Leonardo da Vinci.
Prado Mona Lisa
In 2011, the Prado museum in Madrid, Spain, announced the discovery of what may be the earliest known replica. Miguel Falomir, head of the Italian Renaissance Painting Department at the time of the discovery, said the Prado "did not know the meaning (the painting)" until the recent recovery. Recovered from the Prado safe, a replica - called by El Mundo newspaper dubbed "Mona Lisa" ( above, far right ) - is reportedly painted along with Leonardo as he painted his own Mona Lisa ; in the same studio, by a "key" student. It was painted on a walnut. Replicas have been part of the Prado collection since the founding of the museum in 1819.
After the restoration, the Prado Mona Lisa reveals the details covered by the previous restoration and the lacquer layer. Improved furniture and fabrics, as well as landscaping and facial features. It is thought that such revelations may offer further insight into Leonardo's original work. Experts at the Louvre reportedly supported the findings of the Prado museum. The Prado replica is then transported to the Louvre in 2012 to appear next to the Mona Lisa as part of the temporary exhibition.
Mona Vanna
Two nude paintings that are similar to Leonardo da Vinci's works are part of a 2009 art exhibition inspired by Mona Lisa. Featured at the Museo Ideale in Leonardo's birthplace in Vinci, near Florence, some believe one of the paintings - dates from the time of Leonardo - to be Leonardo's own work, and has sometimes been credited to him. Other scholars theorize about the painting, one of at least six known to exist, perhaps just another copy painted by Leonardo's "followers". The academic dispute persists with the artist, subject and origin. The questionable bare, found behind a wall in a private library, is reported to belong to Uncle Napoleon Bonaparte, who owns Leonardo's other paintings. The facial features have only a vague similarity, but the landscape, composition, and technical details match the characteristics of Mona Lisa known throughout the world today.
A student and companion of Leonardo da Vinci, known as SalaÃÆ'¬ painting one of the naked interpretations of the famous Mona Lisa, titled Mona Vanna. The Salai version is considered by some to be "based on" naked that is sometimes attributed to Leonardo, who is considered a lost work. Discussion among scholars is whether Salai, who is known to have a model for Leonardo, may actually be the caregiver represented in the original Mona Lisa.
Joos van Cleve, a Flemish artist who was active in the years after the creation of Mona Lisa, also painted a nude titled Mona Vanna. Though the figure depicted in Van Cleve's paintings has no resemblance to Leonardo Mona Lisa, the artist is known to imitate Leonardo da Vinci's themes and techniques, in this case the delicate position of the brush and brush strokes reminiscent of Leonardo's sfumato. The work of art, dating from the mid-16th century, is a collection of National Gallery, Prague.
20th century
In the 20th century, the Mona Lisa was already the victim of a satirical betrayal. Sapeck (Eugèneilleille), in 1883, described the Mona Lisa smoking pipe ( shown above ). Titled Le Rire (The Laugh), the artwork was displayed at the "Inkoheren" exhibition in Paris at the time of its creation, making it one of the earliest examples of Mona Lisa L.H.O.O.Q.
Marcel Duchamp, among the most influential artists of his generation, in 1919 may have inadvertently set the standard for modern manifestation of the Mona Lisa simply by adding a goatee to Leonardo's original postcard print. Duchamp pioneered the concept of readymades , involving the taking of worldly objects that are not generally considered art and transforming them artistically, sometimes by renaming them and placing them in galleries. In L.H.O.O.Q. "item found" is a postcard Mona Lisa where Duchamp draws a beard with a pencil and adds a title.
The title, Duchamp is said to have admitted in his final years, is a play of words. The letters L-H-O-O-Q are pronounced in French forming the sentence Elle a chaud au cul , colloquially translated into English as "He has a hot donkey." As with many of its readymades, Duchamp created many versions of L.H.O.O.Q. in various sizes and media throughout his career. Unmodified black and white reproduction of Mona Lisa on playing cards, where Duchamp in 1965 wrote LHOOQ rasÃÆ'Â © e ( LHOOQ Shaved ), is one of many variants of the second generation that refer to the original LHOOQ .
The Duchamp parody of the Mona Lisa was parodied by Francis Picabia in 1942, annotated Tableau Dada Par Marcel Duchamp ("Dadais scene for Marcel Duchamp"), another example of > second generation interpretation Mona Lisa . Salvador Dalà ¢ created Self Portrait as Mona Lisa in 1954, referring to LHOOQ in collaboration with Philippe Halsman, incorporating photographs of the wild-eyed Dalas that show the handlebar mustache and a handful. coin. In 1958, the Icelandic ErrÃÆ' pel painter later incorporated the Dalà versi version into a composition which also included the still-film of DalÃÆ''s Un Chien Andalou . Fernand LÃÆ'  © ger and RenÃÆ'  © Magritte is one of a number of Modern art masters who have adapted the Mona Lisa using their own iconography. None of the parodies have defiled the Mona Lisa image; on the contrary, they strengthen their fame. Duchamp's
The years after the tour (1962-2000)
Bruce Morrow's radio personality led promotional events during the Mona Lisa exhibition in New York City. 70,000 contest entries painting "Best Mona" on display at Polo Grounds, with Salvador DalÃÆ' helping pick the winner. Following the first presentation of American painting, Andy Warhol in 1963 made some interpretations in his Pop art style. "Mona Lisa (Twice)," "Four Mona Lisa s," and "Thirty Better Than One" illustrates Warhol's method of silkscreening repetitive images in the same work art. Also in 1963, Fernando Botero - who had painted the "Mona Lisa", the Age of the Twelve "in 1959 - painted another, this time in what would characterize his" Boterismo "style making numbers in disproportionate fat . Mona Lisa is also referenced in artwork by contemporary art figures such as Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, adding to "who's who" list of artists who put their own rounds on portraits.
A paint with version numbers from Mona Lisa accompanied the Suzanne Lacy artist during her 1977 journey Traveling with Mona, documenting the painting process at landmark locations across Europe and Central America. From the 1980s to the end of the 20th century, the Mona Lisa continues to be the subject of reinterpretation among a new generation of new artists. Street artists such as Jean-Michel Basquiat and Keith Haring, who became famous in the 1980s, created "Federal Reserve Records" and "Apocalipse 7", respectively, paired the Mona Lisa in an appropriate composition with their style. Ballpoint Lennie Mace's pioneering artist created the replica of Mona a'la Mace in 1993, a ballpoint "PENting" commissioned by the Pilot pen company and featured on CBS News. Artist Sophie Matisse, great-grandson of artist Henri Matisse, in 1997 Monna Lisa (Be Back in Five Minutes) faithfully mimics the background of the original painting, but removes the Mona Lisa from the scene; a concept he will review using other iconic artworks.
21st century
The English street artist, Banksy, in the first decade of the 21st century, branded a "Mona Lisa" Mujahideen "who held rocket launchers, and others dazzled the audience.
Contemporary commercialization
The iconic Mona Lisa face has been available for years in all forms, reproduced in everything from birthday cards to refrigerator magnets, appearing in commercials for the fashion and travel industry, and on the magazine cover. Leonardo da Vinci's status as genius has been suggested as a contributing factor to the mystical creation. Leonardo's native eyes Mona Lisa appear on the cover-graphic for Dan Brown's fictional novel The Da Vinci Code . The Mona Lisa portrait also appears in the teaser trailer for the 2006 film of the same name, though the replica used for filming only appears briefly in the movie, and plays a very small part in the story.. Along with Vermeer Girl with a Pearl Earring , Mona Lisa is one of the most replicated works of art. The vast numbers and variations of replicas and reproductions since its creation in the early 16th century describe what is called self-reinforcing dynamic; used in advertising because of its familiarity, thus re-enforcing its fame.
The knock-off paintings of Mona Lisa and other Western masterpieces have become a kind of home industry. The struggling artists in China painted them with hundreds to supply American and European market demand, and Mona Lisa is one of the most popular requests. Working in a small studio, or at home with children running around, these artists can earn several hundred dollars (US) for weeks of work on paintings that are then retailed through a mail-order catalog. The reproduction of old masters' works by hand provides not only ways to earn a living but also ways to advance their art education by perfecting painting techniques.
Among the most common motifs for satirization, faces of Mona Lisa are adorned; adding a red Santa hat to Christmas, or, as Duchamp did, just by adding a mustache. Changing the face or head altogether is another common motif; replace the animated character heads like Betty Boop, for example. British artist Caroline Shotton in 2007 produced a series of paintings that replicated the classic artwork as a cow , which she would use to give her the title of "Great Moo -sters". The inspiration for the series, he said, came to him while watching a documentary about Mona Lisa. After establishing a cow motif, he then formulates a game that matches the subject of his choice; where Mona Lisa becomes Moo -na Lisa.
In a film titled Elf , Buddy uses Etch-a-Sketch to draw Mona Lisa in the process of building Santa Land by the North Pole at Gimbels. In Horton Hears A Who , Mayor Ned McDodd shows Jojo's only son a family gallery where in one part his great-grandmother is parodied as Mona Lisa. And on My Little Pony: Equestria Girls - Friendship Games , there are cakes that Pinkie Pie and Fluttershy have roasted with Mona Lisa images in it.
Unconventional Interpretation
Mona Lisa replicas are sometimes directly or indirectly decorated as contemporary commentary. Leonardo da Vinci or Renaissance art exhibitions or events also provide an opportunity for local artists to exploit the image of Mona Lisa to promote the event. The resulting artwork represents a broad spectrum of artists using creative licenses.
In 2009, the Mona Lisa replica was a piece together using precious gems by a jewelry collector in China. Using about 100,000 carats of multi-colored gems collected over 30 years, a replica takes five years to complete. The resulting artwork is publicly displayed at the Shenyang City shopping center. In the same vein, Christian artist Cumings in 2010 created his own "Jelly Bean Mona" replica using more than 10,000 jelly beans. One early creation led to a full range of eight replicas of work commissioned by the California jelly bean company as a publicity stunt and an additional collection of companies. The Ohio Science and Industry Center (COSI) in Columbus thinks this series is important enough to be featured in an exhibition, held in late 2012.
The replica of Mona Lisa published as "the world's smallest " was painted by Andrew Nichols of New Hampshire (USA) in 2011, intending "to break the record." Recommended with a 70: 1 ratio, the Mona Lisa miniature measures approximately 1/4 x 7 inches (7 x 11 mm). Although his appearance attracted media attention, it was never officially reported whether he, in fact, broke the existing record. In 2013, a much smaller version of the painting, titled Mini Lisa , was created by Georgia Institute of Technology student Keith Carroll. Replicas were created to demonstrate a new scientific technique called thermochemical nanolithography (TCNL). The Mini Lisa measures only 30 micrometers (0.0012 inches), about 1/25,000 the original size.
High school students attracted media attention in 2011 by creating Mona Lisa in Daytona Beach, Florida (USA), using seaweed that has accumulated on the beach. Claiming to have "too much time on their hands," it took two people for about an hour to "turn ugly seaweed into a work of art." In addition to the photographs that appear in the media, perhaps their efforts were swept away by the current.
In 2012 Portuguese designer LuÃÆ's Silva made a poster for a campaign against violence on women representing the Mona Lisa with sick eyes and grim expressions, with the slogan "Can you live without her smile?".
Mosaic
The computer era introduced a digital or inspired incarnation produced from Mona Lisa . Aside from the built-in version of the actual computer motherboard, the mosaic-making technique is another common motif used in the re-creation.
Mona Lisa photo mosaics are digitally produced in 2012 from randomly-generated photos using adaptive processing software , to promote potential Adaptive Rendering Technology Simultaneously Simultaneously ( SMART ), which automatically analyzes and matches the shape and color of the source image to the desired image.
Imitating the heavy pixelation of enormously enlarged computer files, Canadian artist Robert McKinnon collected 315 Rubik Cubes into a 36.5-inch Mona Lisa mosaic, an effect dubbed "Rubik Cubism" by French artist Invader. Similarly, Lego colored bricks have been used to replicate Mona Lisa in mosaic motifs. A 2011 exhibition titled Da Vinci, The Genius at the Frazier Museum in Louisville, Kentucky drew attention to having the Mona Lisa built by Lego artist Brian Korte. Known as Brick Art , the so-called "pro" Lego builders like Eric Harshbarger have made several replicas of the Mona Lisa. Matching an estimated 21 by the size of 30 inches (535 x 760 mm) from the original Leonardo requires more than 5,000 Lego bricks standard , but a 6 to 8 foot replica has been made, requiring more than 30,000 bricks.
At the 2009 festival in Sydney, Australia, a group of eight people spent three hours replicating Mona Lisa from 3,604 cups of coffee. The mosaic effect in this case was created by adding the amount of milk, or sometimes none, to the black coffee cup. The final product, measuring 20 times 13 feet, is dubbed as " Mocha Lisa." Maurice "Toastman" Bennet, known for creating masterpieces using toast, parodied Mona Lisa in a bread mosaic. At the 2010 food-art festival in Hong Kong, Bennet tiles together with about 6,000 pieces of bread, using a torch to achieve the desired tone on each piece of toast.
Media coverage of the many incarnations of the Mona Lisa often alludes to Leonardo's own unbelief; about the intrigue that he will inspire, and the unimaginable things of his self-portrayal.
See also
- Cultural reference for Leonardo da Vinci
- Mona Lisa (disambiguation)
- SalaÃÆ'¬
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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